我一直在使用tkinter上的Interface(python)开发bhaskara方程求解器。我看了一些教程,并将页面分为几类。此应用程序的基本思想如下:
它从StartPage
开始,用户单击选择值按钮,然后打开PageOne
。用户应在此页面上键入所需的值,然后单击选择值按钮(很抱歉,如果您知道如何将所有值保存在一起,我找不到一种方法。这也请让我知道)。用户保存值之后,他返回StartPage
并单击 Calculate 按钮。如果所有值都正确,它将显示result
变量。
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, END
import math
LARGE_FONT =("Verdana", 12)
def calculate():
global value_a
global value_b
global value_c
value_list = [value_a, value_b, value_c]
if "" in value_list:
return False
else:
delta = (int(value_b.get())**2) - 4*int(value_a.get())*int(value_c.get())
if delta >= 0:
delta_root = math.sqrt(delta)
bhask_pos = int(-value_b.get()) + (delta_root)/2*int(value_a.get())
bhask_neg = int(-value_b.get()) - (delta_root)/2*int(value_a.get())
global result
result = "The equation", int(value_a.get()), "x² +", int(value_b.get()), "x +", int(value_c.get()), "has the results ", int(bhask_pos), "and ", int(bhask_neg)
else:
pass
return True
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self,*args, **kwargs)
#self.geometry("720x360")
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage, PageOne):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
button = ttk.Button(self, text="Insert values", command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageOne))
button.pack(side="top", padx=10, pady=20, expand=False)
canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=400, height=200, bg="#C0C0C0", bd="10")
canvas.pack(side="bottom", padx=10, pady=20, expand=False)
if calculate() == False:
canvas.create_text(30, 30, text="Error. Check if you selected all values")
elif calculate() == True:
canvas.create_text(30, 30, text=result)
else:
pass
calculation_button = ttk.Button(self, text="Calculate", command=calculate)
calculation_button.pack()
class PageOne(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
def get_entry_data_a():
global value_1
value_1 = int(value_a.get())
entry_a.delete(0, END)
print(value_1)#just for debugging
def get_entry_data_b():
global value_2
value_2 = int(value_b.get())
entry_b.delete(0, END)
print(value_2)
def get_entry_data_c():
global value_3
value_3 = int(value_c.get())
entry_c.delete(0, END)
print(value_3)
def event_data_a(event):
value_1 = int(value_a.get())
entry_a.delete(0, END)
print(value_1)
def event_data_b(event):
value_2 = int(value_b.get())
entry_b.delete(0, END)
print(value_2)
def event_data_c(event):
value_3 = int(value_c.get())
entry_c.delete(0, END)
print(value_3)
text_a = tk.Label(self, text="value from a:", padx=10, pady=10)
text_a.grid(row=1, column=1)
text_b = tk.Label(self, text="value from b:", padx=10, pady=10)
text_b.grid(row=2, column=1)
text_c = tk.Label(self, text="value from c", padx=10, pady=10)
text_c.grid(row=3, column=1)
value_a = tk.IntVar()
entry_a = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=value_a)
entry_a.grid(row=1, column=2)
entry_a.delete(0, END)
button_a = ttk.Button(self, text="Save value", command=get_entry_data_a)
button_a.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=10, pady=10)
value_b = tk.IntVar()
entry_b = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=value_b)
entry_b.grid(row=2, column=2)
entry_b.delete(0, END)
button_b = ttk.Button(self, text="Save value", command=get_entry_data_b)
button_b.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=10, pady=10)
value_c = tk.IntVar()
entry_c = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=value_c)
entry_c.grid(row=3, column=2)
entry_c.delete(0, END)
button_c = ttk.Button(self, text="Save value", command=get_entry_data_c)
button_c.grid(row=3, column=3,padx=10, pady=10)
entry_a.bind("<Return>", event_data_a)
entry_b.bind("<Return>", event_data_b)
entry_c.bind("<Return>", event_data_c)
back_button = ttk.Button(self, text="Return to Start Page", command=lambda:controller.show_frame(StartPage))
back_button.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=20, pady=20)
app = App()
app.mainloop()
结果应显示在canvas
中,如果用户未选择值,则显示错误消息。我的实际问题是canvas
对象是在StartPage
中创建的,因此我需要在StartPage
类之前定义函数(因为我需要从函数{{1 }}在画布上创建文本),但用户选择的实际值仅出现在代码的末尾。如何使用这些值?在这种情况下,我应该在哪里定义函数calculate()
?
这是错误消息:
calculate()
答案 0 :(得分:0)
要使全局变量正常工作,只需确保在首次使用它们之前为其提供初始值。最简单的方法是在模块级别为其分配默认值。例如:
value_a = ""
value_b = ""
value_c = ""
def calculate():
global value_a
global value_b
global value_c
# ...
那应该可以使您的代码正常工作。但是,尽管Python支持全局变量,但它们几乎永远不是正确的选择。查看您的应用程序的逻辑,并思考更多使用局部作用域的方法。一种可能性是将value_a
,value_b
和value_c
设置为App
类中的实例变量,因为在两个框架中都可以将controller
进行访问。>
例如:
def calculate(value_a, value_b, value_c):
value_list = [value_a, value_b, value_c]
# ...
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self,*args, **kwargs)
self.value_a = ""
self.value_b = ""
self.value_c = ""
# ...
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# ...
if calculate(controller.value_a, controller.value_b, controller.value_c):
# ...
class PageOne(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
def get_entry_data_a():
value_1 = int(controller.value_a.get())
entry_a.delete(0, END)
print(value_1)#just for debugging
# ...
controller.value_a = tk.IntVar()