为什么在我的乒乓JavaScript画布游戏中球无法完全弹起?

时间:2019-02-06 17:43:42

标签: javascript arrays object for-loop continue

我在javascript中的画布上有多个椭圆,我希望它们都能相互反弹。我尝试使用距离公式,然后在距离小于球半径* 2时更改球的x和y方向。

这对于一个球来说效果很好,但是对于许多球却效果不佳,因为它经常导致Here描绘的可怕的“弹跳循环”

为解决此问题,我决定根据球彼此碰撞的位置来改变球的弹跳方式,以避免弹跳循环并使游戏更接近真实的物理状态。

如果发生左右碰撞,我想反转两个球的x方向,如果发生上下碰撞,我想反转两个球的y方向。

因此,我计算了与度数相关的所有点(例如,在45度和135度之间)(即90个点),并将它们与225度和315度之间的所有90点进行了比较,反之亦然。

如果圆的边缘上的任何点与所有其他球的中心点之间的距离小于半径,我希望两个球的Y方向都相反。

我对135度和225度重复相同的过程,分别降低到315度和405度(相当于45度),并反转了两个球的X方向。

截至目前,我认为这些球应该以我希望的方式相互弹跳,但事实并非如此。它们从彼此的侧面和顶部,底部反弹,并偶尔以一定角度反弹,但它们倾向于相互浸入内部,然后改变方向。这是video of the output.

下面是上下比较的代码:

    // radius is the same for all the balls and is at 25.
let ballToBallDistance = (x1, y1, x2, y2) => {
    return Math.sqrt((Math.pow(x2 - x1, 2) + Math.pow(y2 - y1, 2)));
}
const ballCollisionY = (start, end) => {
    for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
        return ballObjects[0].ballRadius * Math.sin((i * Math.PI / 180));
    }
}
const ballCollisionX = (start, end) => {
    for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
        return ballObjects[0].ballRadius * Math.cos((i * Math.PI / 180));
    }
}
const upperYBall = {
    bounceTopBottom() {
        let n = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < ballObjects.length; i++) {
            if (ballObjects.length == 1) {
                return;
            }
            if (n == i) {
                continue;
            }
            let yUpXPoint = ballObjects[n].ballXPos - ballCollisionX(45, 135);
            let yUpYPoint = ballObjects[n].ballYPos - ballCollisionY(45, 135);
            let centerBallX = ballObjects[i].ballXPos;
            let centerBallY = ballObjects[i].ballYPos;
            let pointDistance = ballToBallDistance(yUpXPoint, yUpYPoint, centerBallX, centerBallY);
            if (pointDistance <= 25) {
                ballObjects[n].ballMotionY = ballObjects[n].ballMotionY * -1;
            }
            if (i == ballObjects.length - 1) {
                ++n;
                i = -1;
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
}
const lowerYBall = {
    bounceBottomTop() {
        let n = 0;
        for (let i = 0; i < ballObjects.length; i++) {
            if (ballObjects.length == 1) {
                return;
            }
            if (n == i) {
                continue;
            }
            let yDownXPoint = ballObjects[n].ballXPos - ballCollisionX(225, 315);
            let yDownYPoint = ballObjects[n].ballYPos - ballCollisionY(225, 315);
            let centerBallX = ballObjects[i].ballXPos;
            let centerBallY = ballObjects[i].ballYPos;
            let pointDistance = ballToBallDistance(yDownXPoint, yDownYPoint, centerBallX, centerBallY);
            if (pointDistance <= 25) {
                ballObjects[n].ballMotionY = ballObjects[n].ballMotionY * -1;
            }
            if (i == ballObjects.length - 1) {
                ++n;
                i = -1;
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
}

我已经在此功能上停留了两个星期。如果有人对我做错了什么有什么见识,也许对实现预期结果的解决方案有任何见识,那将不胜感激。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我建议您从特殊情况编码转换为更通用的方法。

两个球碰撞时:

  1. 计算碰撞法线(角度)
  2. 根据先前的速度和法线计算新的速度
  3. 重新放置球,使它们不再重叠,防止出现“弹跳循环”。

您将需要:

一种计算两个球之间的角度的方法:

=X2+(30*(V2-1))

一种从角度导出法线向量的方法:

      <Image 
        source={require("../assets/green-link01-2x.png")}
        style={{ height: 100, width: 100, resizeMode: "contain", backgroundColor: 'white' }}
        />

        <ScrollView
            style={{
                width: 67,
                height: 46,
                position: "absolute",
                top: 40,
                bottom: 0,
                left: 33,
                right: 0,
                backgroundColor: "#f3ebd5",
            }}
        >

一种计算两个向量的点积的方法:

function ballToBallAngle(ball1,ball2) {
    return Math.atan2(ball2.y-ball1.y,ball2.x-ball1.x)
}

最后一种计算反弹角的方法。 Read this,它描述得很完美。

因此,将它们放在一起,请参见下面的代码段:

function calcNormalFromAngle(angle){
  return [
    Math.cos(angle),
    Math.sin(angle)
  ]
}
function dotproduct (a, b){
    return a.map((x, i) => a[i] * b[i]).reduce((m, n) => m + n)
}
let canvas = document.querySelector('canvas')
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')


let balls = [
	{x:40,y:40,radius:25,vx:4,vy:3},
    {x:300,y:300,radius:50,vx:-2,vy:-3},
    {x:100,y:220,radius:25,vx:4,vy:-3},
    {x:400,y:400,radius:50,vx:-1,vy:-3},
    {x:200,y:400,radius:32,vx:2,vy:-3}
]

function tick() {
	balls.forEach((ball, index) => {
		ball.x += ball.vx
		ball.y += ball.vy

		//check for x bounds collision
		if (ball.x - ball.radius < 0) {
			bounceBall(ball, Math.PI)
			ball.x = ball.radius
		} else if (ball.x + ball.radius > 500) {
			bounceBall(ball, 0)
			ball.x = 500 - ball.radius
		}

		//check for y bounds collision
		if (ball.y - ball.radius < 0) {
			bounceBall(ball, Math.PI / 2)
			ball.y = ball.radius
		} else if (ball.y + ball.radius > 500) {
			bounceBall(ball, -Math.PI / 2)
			ball.y = 500 - ball.radius
		}

		balls.forEach((other_ball, other_index) => {
			if (index == other_index)
				return

			// how many px the balls intersect
			let intersection = ball.radius + other_ball.radius - ballToBallDistance(ball, other_ball)

			// if its greater than 0, they must be colliding
			if (intersection > 0) {
				let angle = ballToBallAngle(ball, other_ball)
				let normal = calcNormalFromAngle(angle)

				bounceBall(ball, angle)
				bounceBall(other_ball, angle + Math.PI)

				// set positions so that they are not overlapping anymore
				ball.x -= normal[0] * intersection / 2
				ball.y -= normal[1] * intersection / 2

				other_ball.x += normal[0] * intersection / 2
				other_ball.y += normal[1] * intersection / 2
			}
		})
	})

	render()
	requestAnimationFrame(tick)
}

function render() {
	ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)

	balls.forEach(ball => {
		ctx.beginPath();
		ctx.arc(ball.x, ball.y, ball.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
		ctx.stroke();
	})
}



function bounceBall(ball, angle) {
	let normal = calcNormalFromAngle(angle)
	let velocity = [ball.vx, ball.vy]

	let ul = dotproduct(velocity, normal) / dotproduct(normal, normal)
	let u = [
		normal[0] * ul,
		normal[1] * ul
	]

	let w = [
		velocity[0] - u[0],
		velocity[1] - u[1]
	]

	let new_velocity = [
		w[0] - u[0],
		w[1] - u[1]
	]

	ball.vx = new_velocity[0]
	ball.vy = new_velocity[1]
}

function dotproduct(a, b) {
	return a.map((x, i) => a[i] * b[i]).reduce((m, n) => m + n)
}

function ballToBallDistance(ball1, ball2) {
	return Math.sqrt((Math.pow(ball2.x - ball1.x, 2) + Math.pow(ball2.y - ball1.y, 2)));
}

function ballToBallAngle(ball1, ball2) {
	return Math.atan2(ball2.y - ball1.y, ball2.x - ball1.x)
}

function calcNormalFromAngle(angle) {
	return [
		Math.cos(angle),
		Math.sin(angle)
	]
}

tick();