我试图使用ctypes并两次加载相同的已编译Fortran库,以使我有两个独立的实例,以便该库包含的任何模块变量都不会存储在相同的内存位置。所描述的一般解决方案(例如,在这里https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2010-May/575368.html)是提供库的完整路径,而不仅仅是提供其名称。但是,我无法使它像这样工作。这是一个演示问题的最小工作示例:
test.f90:
module test
use iso_c_binding, only: c_int
implicit none
integer :: n
contains
integer(c_int) function get() bind(c, name='get')
get = n
end function get
subroutine set(new_n) bind(c, name='set')
integer(c_int), intent(in) :: new_n
n = new_n
end subroutine set
end module test
test.py:
import os
from ctypes import cdll, c_int, byref
if __name__ == '__main__':
lib1 = cdll.LoadLibrary(os.path.abspath('test.so'))
lib2 = cdll.LoadLibrary(os.path.abspath('test.so'))
lib1.set(byref(c_int(0)))
lib2.set(byref(c_int(1)))
print(lib1.get())
使用以下命令编译Fortran库:
gfortran -shared -fPIC -o test.so test.f90
当我运行python test.py
时,我得到1
作为输出,而我想得到0
。有人知道如何使这项工作吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
ctypes ([Python 3]: ctypes - A foreign function library for Python)使用 dlopen 加载库(在 Nix 上)。根据{{3}}:
如果使用 dlopen()再次加载相同的共享对象,则返回相同的对象句柄。动态链接器维护对象句柄的引用计数,因此直到对其调用 dlclose()的次数达到 dlopen()的次数之后,才会释放动态加载的共享对象。成功了。
我准备了一个小例子。
dll.c :
#if defined(_WIN32)
# define DLL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else
# define DLL_EXPORT
#endif
static int val = -1;
DLL_EXPORT int get() {
return val;
}
DLL_EXPORT void set(int i) {
val = i;
}
code.py :
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import os
import shutil
import ctypes
DLL0_NAME = "./dll0.so"
DLL1_NAME = "./dll1.so"
DIR0_NAME = "dir0"
def get_dll_funcs(dll):
get_func = dll.get
get_func.argtypes = None
get_func.restype = ctypes.c_int
set_func = dll.set
set_func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int]
set_func.restype = None
return get_func, set_func
def main():
os.makedirs(DIR0_NAME, exist_ok=True)
shutil.copy(DLL0_NAME, DIR0_NAME)
shutil.copy(DLL0_NAME, DLL1_NAME)
dll_names = [DLL0_NAME, os.path.abspath(DLL0_NAME), os.path.join(DIR0_NAME, DLL0_NAME), DLL1_NAME]
dlls = [ctypes.CDLL(item) for item in dll_names]
for idx, dll in enumerate(dlls):
print("Item {:d} ({:s}) was loaded at {:08X}".format(idx, dll_names[idx], dll._handle))
set_func = get_dll_funcs(dll)[1]
set_func(idx * 10)
for idx, dll in enumerate(dlls):
get_func = get_dll_funcs(dll)[0]
print("Item {:d} get() returned {: d}".format(idx, get_func()))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Python {:s} on {:s}\n".format(sys.version, sys.platform))
main()
输出:
从输出中看到[cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q054243176]> ls code.py dll.c [cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q054243176]> gcc -o dll0.so -shared dll.c [cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q054243176]> ls code.py dll0.so dll.c [cfati@cfati-ubtu16x64-0:~/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q054243176]> ./code.py Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 12 2018, 13:43:14) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux Item 0 (./dll0.so) was loaded at 02437A80 Item 1 (/home/cfati/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q054243176/dll0.so) was loaded at 02437A80 Item 2 (dir0/./dll0.so) was loaded at 02438690 Item 3 (./dll1.so) was loaded at 02438EF0 Item 0 get() returned 10 Item 1 get() returned 10 Item 2 get() returned 20 Item 3 get() returned 30
(还要注意 _handle 属性),尝试多次(通过其路径)加载同一 .dll (行为相同)在 Win 上):
简而言之,要回答您的问题:只需使用其他名称复制并加载该名称即可。