C＃类可以从其接口继承属性吗？

Question

这似乎意味着“不”。这是不幸的。

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Interface | AttributeTargets.Class,
 AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
public class CustomDescriptionAttribute : Attribute
{
    public string Description { get; private set; }

    public CustomDescriptionAttribute(string description)
    {
        Description = description;
    }
}

[CustomDescription("IProjectController")]
public interface IProjectController
{
    void Create(string projectName);
}

internal class ProjectController : IProjectController
{
    public void Create(string projectName)
    {
    }
}

[TestFixture]
public class CustomDescriptionAttributeTests
{
    [Test]
    public void ProjectController_ShouldHaveCustomDescriptionAttribute()
    {
        Type type = typeof(ProjectController);
        object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(
            typeof(CustomDescriptionAttribute),
            true);

        // NUnit.Framework.AssertionException:   Expected: 1   But was:  0
        Assert.AreEqual(1, attributes.Length);
    }
}

一个类可以从接口继承属性吗？或者我在这里咆哮错误的树？

Answer 1

没有。每当在派生类中实现接口或覆盖成员时，都需要重新声明属性。

如果您只关心ComponentModel（不是直接反射），则有一种方法（[AttributeProvider]）建议来自现有类型的属性（以避免重复），但它仅对属性和索引器使用有效。

举个例子：

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
class Foo {
    [AttributeProvider(typeof(IListSource))]
    public object Bar { get; set; }

    static void Main() {
        var bar = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(Foo))["Bar"];
        foreach (Attribute attrib in bar.Attributes) {
            Console.WriteLine(attrib);
        }
    }
}

输出：

System.SerializableAttribute
System.ComponentModel.AttributeProviderAttribute
System.ComponentModel.EditorAttribute
System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisibleAttribute
System.Runtime.InteropServices.ClassInterfaceAttribute
System.ComponentModel.TypeConverterAttribute
System.ComponentModel.MergablePropertyAttribute

Answer 2

您可以定义有用的扩展方法......

Type type = typeof(ProjectController);
var attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes<CustomDescriptionAttribute>( true );

这是扩展方法：

/// <summary>Searches and returns attributes. The inheritance chain is not used to find the attributes.</summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of attribute to search for.</typeparam>
/// <param name="type">The type which is searched for the attributes.</param>
/// <returns>Returns all attributes.</returns>
public static T[] GetCustomAttributes<T>( this Type type ) where T : Attribute
{
  return GetCustomAttributes( type, typeof( T ), false ).Select( arg => (T)arg ).ToArray();
}

/// <summary>Searches and returns attributes.</summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type of attribute to search for.</typeparam>
/// <param name="type">The type which is searched for the attributes.</param>
/// <param name="inherit">Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. Interfaces will be searched, too.</param>
/// <returns>Returns all attributes.</returns>
public static T[] GetCustomAttributes<T>( this Type type, bool inherit ) where T : Attribute
{
  return GetCustomAttributes( type, typeof( T ), inherit ).Select( arg => (T)arg ).ToArray();
}

/// <summary>Private helper for searching attributes.</summary>
/// <param name="type">The type which is searched for the attribute.</param>
/// <param name="attributeType">The type of attribute to search for.</param>
/// <param name="inherit">Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attribute. Interfaces will be searched, too.</param>
/// <returns>An array that contains all the custom attributes, or an array with zero elements if no attributes are defined.</returns>
private static object[] GetCustomAttributes( Type type, Type attributeType, bool inherit )
{
  if( !inherit )
  {
    return type.GetCustomAttributes( attributeType, false );
  }

  var attributeCollection = new Collection<object>();
  var baseType = type;

  do
  {
    baseType.GetCustomAttributes( attributeType, true ).Apply( attributeCollection.Add );
    baseType = baseType.BaseType;
  }
  while( baseType != null );

  foreach( var interfaceType in type.GetInterfaces() )
  {
    GetCustomAttributes( interfaceType, attributeType, true ).Apply( attributeCollection.Add );
  }

  var attributeArray = new object[attributeCollection.Count];
  attributeCollection.CopyTo( attributeArray, 0 );
  return attributeArray;
}

/// <summary>Applies a function to every element of the list.</summary>
private static void Apply<T>( this IEnumerable<T> enumerable, Action<T> function )
{
  foreach( var item in enumerable )
  {
    function.Invoke( item );
  }
}

<强>更新

以下是SimonD在评论中提出的较短版本：

private static IEnumerable<T> GetCustomAttributesIncludingBaseInterfaces<T>(this Type type)
{
  var attributeType = typeof(T);
  return type.GetCustomAttributes(attributeType, true).
    Union(type.GetInterfaces().
    SelectMany(interfaceType => interfaceType.GetCustomAttributes(attributeType, true))).
    Distinct().Cast<T>();
}

Answer 3

Brad Wilson关于此的文章：Interface Attributes != Class Attributes

总结：类不从接口继承，它们实现它们。这意味着属性不会自动成为实现的一部分。

如果需要继承属性，请使用抽象基类，而不是接口。

Answer 4

虽然C＃类不从其接口继承属性，但在ASP.NET MVC3中绑定模型时有一个有用的替代方法。

如果您将视图的模型声明为接口而不是具体类型，那么视图和模型绑定器将在渲染时应用接口中的属性（例如，[Required]或[DisplayName("Foo")]。验证模型：

public interface IModel {
    [Required]
    [DisplayName("Foo Bar")]
    string FooBar { get; set; }
} 

public class Model : IModel {
    public string FooBar { get; set; }
}

然后在视图中：

@* Note use of interface type for the view model *@
@model IModel 

@* This control will receive the attributes from the interface *@
@Html.EditorFor(m => m.FooBar)

Answer 5

对于希望从已实现的接口上可能存在的属性中提取属性的人来说，这更多。因为这些属性不是类的一部分，所以这将允许您访问它们。请注意，我有一个简单的容器类，可以让您访问PropertyInfo - 因为这就是我所需要的。根据需要进行黑客攻击。这对我很有用。

public static class CustomAttributeExtractorExtensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Extraction of property attributes as well as attributes on implemented interfaces.
    /// This will walk up recursive to collect any interface attribute as well as their parent interfaces.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TAttributeType"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="typeToReflect"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static List<PropertyAttributeContainer<TAttributeType>> GetPropertyAttributesFromType<TAttributeType>(this Type typeToReflect)
        where TAttributeType : Attribute
    {
        var list = new List<PropertyAttributeContainer<TAttributeType>>();

        // Loop over the direct property members
        var properties = typeToReflect.GetProperties();

        foreach (var propertyInfo in properties)
        {
            // Get the attributes as well as from the inherited classes (true)
            var attributes = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes<TAttributeType>(true).ToList();
            if (!attributes.Any()) continue;

            list.AddRange(attributes.Select(attr => new PropertyAttributeContainer<TAttributeType>(attr, propertyInfo)));
        }

        // Look at the type interface declarations and extract from that type.
        var interfaces = typeToReflect.GetInterfaces();

        foreach (var @interface in interfaces)
        {
            list.AddRange(@interface.GetPropertyAttributesFromType<TAttributeType>());
        }

        return list;

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Simple container for the Property and Attribute used. Handy if you want refrence to the original property.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TAttributeType"></typeparam>
    public class PropertyAttributeContainer<TAttributeType>
    {
        internal PropertyAttributeContainer(TAttributeType attribute, PropertyInfo property)
        {
            Property = property;
            Attribute = attribute;
        }

        public PropertyInfo Property { get; private set; }

        public TAttributeType Attribute { get; private set; }
    }
}

Answer 6

编辑：这涵盖了从成员接口上的继承属性（包括属性）。对于类型定义，上面有简单的答案。我刚刚发布了此邮件，因为我发现它是一个令人讨厌的限制，想分享一个解决方案：）

接口是多重继承，在类型系统中表现为继承。这类事情没有充分的理由。反思有点曲折。我添加了评论来解释废话。

（这是.NET 3.5，因为它恰好是我目前正在使用的项目。）

// in later .NETs, you can cache reflection extensions using a static generic class and
// a ConcurrentDictionary. E.g.
//public static class Attributes<T> where T : Attribute
//{
//    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<MemberInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<T>> _cache =
//        new ConcurrentDictionary<MemberInfo, IReadOnlyCollection<T>>();
//
//    public static IReadOnlyCollection<T> Get(MemberInfo member)
//    {
//        return _cache.GetOrAdd(member, GetImpl, Enumerable.Empty<T>().ToArray());
//    }
//    //GetImpl as per code below except that recursive steps re-enter via the cache
//}

public static List<T> GetAttributes<T>(this MemberInfo member) where T : Attribute
{
    // determine whether to inherit based on the AttributeUsage
    // you could add a bool parameter if you like but I think it defeats the purpose of the usage
    var usage = typeof(T).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AttributeUsageAttribute), true)
        .Cast<AttributeUsageAttribute>()
        .FirstOrDefault();
    var inherit = usage != null && usage.Inherited;

    return (
        inherit
            ? GetAttributesRecurse<T>(member)
            : member.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (T), false).Cast<T>()
        )
        .Distinct()  // interfaces mean duplicates are a thing
        // note: attribute equivalence needs to be overridden. The default is not great.
        .ToList();
}

private static IEnumerable<T> GetAttributesRecurse<T>(MemberInfo member) where T : Attribute
{
    // must use Attribute.GetCustomAttribute rather than MemberInfo.GetCustomAttribute as the latter
    // won't retrieve inherited attributes from base *classes*
    foreach (T attribute in Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(member, typeof (T), true))
        yield return attribute;

    // The most reliable target in the interface map is the property get method.
    // If you have set-only properties, you'll need to handle that case. I generally just ignore that
    // case because it doesn't make sense to me.
    PropertyInfo property;
    var target = (property = member as PropertyInfo) != null ? property.GetGetMethod() : member;

    foreach (var @interface in member.DeclaringType.GetInterfaces())
    {
        // The interface map is two aligned arrays; TargetMethods and InterfaceMethods.
        var map = member.DeclaringType.GetInterfaceMap(@interface);
        var memberIndex = Array.IndexOf(map.TargetMethods, target); // see target above
        if (memberIndex < 0) continue;

        // To recurse, we still need to hit the property on the parent interface.
        // Why don't we just use the get method from the start? Because GetCustomAttributes won't work.
        var interfaceMethod = property != null
            // name of property get method is get_<property name>
            // so name of parent property is substring(4) of that - this is reliable IME
            ? @interface.GetProperty(map.InterfaceMethods[memberIndex].Name.Substring(4))
            : (MemberInfo) map.InterfaceMethods[memberIndex];

        // Continuation is the word to google if you don't understand this
        foreach (var attribute in interfaceMethod.GetAttributes<T>())
            yield return attribute;
    }
}

准系统NUnit测试

[TestFixture]
public class GetAttributesTest
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
    private sealed class A : Attribute
    {
        // default equality for Attributes is apparently semantic
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            return ReferenceEquals(this, obj);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return base.GetHashCode();
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
    private sealed class ANotInherited : Attribute { }

    public interface Top
    {
        [A, ANotInherited]
        void M();

        [A, ANotInherited]
        int P { get; }
    }

    public interface Middle : Top { }

    private abstract class Base
    {
        [A, ANotInherited]
        public abstract void M();

        [A, ANotInherited]
        public abstract int P { get; }
    }

    private class Bottom : Base, Middle
    {
        [A, ANotInherited]
        public override void M()
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        [A, ANotInherited]
        public override int P { get { return 42; } }
    }

    [Test]
    public void GetsAllInheritedAttributesOnMethods()
    {
        var attributes = typeof (Bottom).GetMethod("M").GetAttributes<A>();
        attributes.Should()
            .HaveCount(3, "there are 3 inherited copies in the class heirarchy and A is inherited");
    }

    [Test]
    public void DoesntGetNonInheritedAttributesOnMethods()
    {
        var attributes = typeof (Bottom).GetMethod("M").GetAttributes<ANotInherited>();
        attributes.Should()
            .HaveCount(1, "it shouldn't get copies of the attribute from base classes for a non-inherited attribute");
    }

    [Test]
    public void GetsAllInheritedAttributesOnProperties()
    {
        var attributes = typeof(Bottom).GetProperty("P").GetAttributes<A>();
        attributes.Should()
            .HaveCount(3, "there are 3 inherited copies in the class heirarchy and A is inherited");
    }

    [Test]
    public void DoesntGetNonInheritedAttributesOnProperties()
    {
        var attributes = typeof(Bottom).GetProperty("P").GetAttributes<ANotInherited>();
        attributes.Should()
            .HaveCount(1, "it shouldn't get copies of the attribute from base classes for a non-inherited attribute");
    }
}

Answer 7

添加具有属性的接口，该属性具有附加到类所具有的相同属性的属性/自定义属性。我们可以使用Visual Studio重构功能提取类的接口。 有一个局部类实现该接口。

现在获取类对象的“ Type”对象，并使用Type对象上的getProperties从属性信息中获取自定义属性。  这不会在类对象上提供自定义属性，因为类属性没有附加/继承接口属性的自定义属性。

现在，对上面检索到的类的Type对象调用GetInterface（NameOfImplemetedInterfaceByclass）。这将 提供接口的“类型”对象。我们应该知道实现的接口的名称。从Type对象获取属性信息，如果接口的属性附加了任何自定义属性，则属性信息将提供 自定义属性列表。实现类必须已提供接口属性的实现。 在接口的属性信息列表中匹配类对象的特定属性名称，以获取自定义属性列表。

这将起作用。

Answer 8

尽管我的回答很晚并且针对特定情况，但我想补充一些想法。 正如其他答案中所建议的那样，反射或其他方法可以做到。

在我的情况下，所有模型都需要一个属性（时间戳）来满足实体框架核心项目中的某些要求（并发检查属性）。 我们可以在所有类属性的上方添加[]（在实现模型的IModel接口中添加，但无效）。但是我通过Fluent API节省了时间，在这种情况下很有用。在fluent API中，我可以检查所有模型中的特定属性名称，并在1行中将其设置为IsConcurrencyToken（）！

var props = from e in modelBuilder.Model.GetEntityTypes()
            from p in e.GetProperties()
            select p;
props.Where(p => p.PropertyInfo.Name == "ModifiedTime").ToList().ForEach(p => { p.IsConcurrencyToken = true; });

同样，如果您需要将任何属性添加到100多个类/模型的相同属性名称中，我们可以对内置或自定义属性解析器使用流利的api方法。 尽管EF（核心和EF6）流利的api可能会在后台使用反射，但我们可以节省精力：）