我开始在IntelliJ中用Maven编写一个基本的Hello World多模块项目。它可以通过内置的运行按钮完美运行,但是当我使用mvn install
通过命令行构建项目,然后尝试使用java -cp HelloWorld/target/HelloWorld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar App
运行该项目时,它会显示
线程“主”中的异常java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: App.main(App.java:5)的MoreDataClass由以下原因引起: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:MoreDataClass位于 java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)在 java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)在 sun.misc.Launcher $ AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335)在 java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
也许问题出在项目结构(这是IntelliJ给我的):
parent/
– pom.xml
– HelloWorld/
– – pom.xml
– – src/main/java/App.java
– GetMoreData/
– – pom.xml
– – src/main/java/MoreDataClass.java
App.java
模块内部的HelloWorld
看起来像这样:
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
MoreDataClass c = new MoreDataClass();
System.out.println(c.getMoreData());
}
}
MoreDataClass
模块内部的GetMoreData
包含以下代码:
public class MoreDataClass {
public String getMoreData() {
return "Here is some more data from the Module GetMoreData";
}
}
在IntelliJ中运行App.main()
在标准输出时(应该)返回以下行:
Hello World
Here is some more data from the Module GetMoreData
另一方面,通过Maven在命令行中运行它(如开头所述)会返回以下内容:
Hello World
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: MoreDataClass
at App.main(App.java:5)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: MoreDataClass
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 1 more
因此App.main()
已构建并可以执行,但找不到MoreDataClass
。为什么不呢?
如果这些与问题有关,这是我的pom.xml:
****** parent/pom.xml: ******
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>de.playground.multiModule</groupId>
<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>GetMoreData</module>
<module>HelloWord</module>
</modules>
</project>
***** parent/GetMoreData/pom.xml *****
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
<groupId>de.playground.multiModule</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>GetMoreData</artifactId>
</project>
***** parent/HelloWorld/pom.xml *****
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>parent</artifactId>
<groupId>de.playground.multiModule</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>HelloWord</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>de.playground.multiModule</groupId>
<artifactId>GetMoreData</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>