我编译并运行了一个名为Structr（https://github.com/structr/structr）项目的源代码。我可以使用maven mvn命令正确运行程序，但不能使用JVM java命令。
编译步骤适用于maven clean install -DskipTests
在运行前端（在structr-ui目录中）时，如果使用maven exec:exec但在java -cp target/lib/*;target/structr-ui-0.8.2.jar org.structr.Ui上失败则会顺利进行。我在java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError和org.structr.core.entity.AbstractNode上有一些指示org.structr.core.EntityContext的堆栈跟踪。我觉得奇怪的是我们在exec条目中的maven pom.xml文件
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<configuration>
<executable>java</executable>
<arguments>
<argument>-server</argument>
<argument>-Dfile.encoding=utf-8</argument>
<argument>-XX:+UseNUMA</argument>
<argument>-Xms1g</argument>
<argument>-Xmx1g</argument>
<argument>-classpath</argument>
<argument>target/lib/*;target/structr-ui-0.8.2.jar</argument>
<argument>org.structr.Ui</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
整个pom.xml读取
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.structr</groupId>
<artifactId>structr</artifactId>
<version>0.8.2</version>
</parent>
<groupId>org.structr</groupId>
<artifactId>structr-ui</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>0.8.2</version>
<name>structr-ui</name>
<description>Structr is an open source framework based on the popular Neo4j graph database.</description>
<developers>
<developer>
<name>Axel Morgner</name>
<email>am@structr.org</email>
</developer>
<developer>
<name>Christian Morgner</name>
<email>cm@structr.org</email>
</developer>
</developers>
<url>http://structr.org</url>
<properties>
<netbeans.hint.license>structr-agpl30</netbeans.hint.license>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>neo4j-releases</id>
<url>http://m2.neo4j.org/content/repositories/releases</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>neo4j-snapshots</id>
<url>http://m2.neo4j.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>google-diff-patch-match</id>
<name>google-diff-patch-match</name>
<url>http://google-diff-match-patch.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/maven/</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>jodd</id>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/jodd/</url>
</repository>
<!-- <repository>
<id>alfresco-releases</id>
<url>https://maven.alfresco.com/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>alfresco-snapshots</id>
<url>https://maven.alfresco.com/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
</repository>-->
<repository>
<id>snapshots.maven.structr.org</id>
<url>http://maven.structr.org/artifactory/snapshot</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>releases.maven.structr.org</id>
<url>http://maven.structr.org/artifactory/release</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>structr-server</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>test</scope>
<optional>false</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<artifactId>urlrewritefilter</artifactId>
<groupId>org.tuckey</groupId>
<type>jar</type>
<version>4.0.4</version>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>diff_match_patch</groupId>
<artifactId>diff_match_patch</artifactId>
<version>current</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.pegdown</groupId>
<artifactId>pegdown</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.java</groupId>
<artifactId>textile-j</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0-m09</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>1.9-ea04</version>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>org.neo4j</groupId>
<artifactId>neo4j-rest-graphdb</artifactId>
<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.flagstone</groupId>
<artifactId>transform</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.7.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jodd</groupId>
<artifactId>jodd-lagarto</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>org.jodd</groupId>
<artifactId>jodd-http</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-compress</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.oltu.oauth2</groupId>
<artifactId>org.apache.oltu.oauth2.client</artifactId>
<version>0.31</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.twitter4j</groupId>
<artifactId>twitter4j-core</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.ftpserver</groupId>
<artifactId>ftpserver-core</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
<testResources>
<testResource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
</testResource>
</testResources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<configuration>
<executable>java</executable>
<arguments>
<argument>-server</argument>
<argument>-Dfile.encoding=utf-8</argument>
<argument>-XX:+UseNUMA</argument>
<argument>-Xms1g</argument>
<argument>-Xmx1g</argument>
<argument>-classpath</argument>
<argument>target/lib/*;target/structr-ui-0.8.2.jar</argument>
<argument>org.structr.Ui</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<debug>true</debug>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/main/resources/assemblies/dist.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>attached</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.vafer</groupId>
<artifactId>jdeb</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jdeb</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<timestamped>true</timestamped>
<controlDir>${basedir}/src/main/deb/control</controlDir>
<dataSet>
<data>
<src>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}.jar</src>
<type>file</type>
<dst>structr-ui.jar</dst>
<mapper>
<type>perm</type>
<prefix>/usr/lib/${project.artifactId}/</prefix>
</mapper>
</data>
<data>
<src>${project.build.directory}/lib</src>
<type>directory</type>
<mapper>
<type>perm</type>
<prefix>/usr/lib/${project.artifactId}/lib</prefix>
<filemode>755</filemode>
</mapper>
</data>
<data>
<src>${basedir}/seed.zip</src>
<type>file</type>
<mapper>
<type>perm</type>
<prefix>/usr/lib/${project.artifactId}/</prefix>
<filemode>755</filemode>
</mapper>
</data>
<data>
<src>${basedir}/src/main/deb/bin</src>
<type>directory</type>
<mapper>
<type>perm</type>
<prefix>/usr/lib/${project.artifactId}/bin</prefix>
<filemode>755</filemode>
</mapper>
</data>
<data>
<src>${basedir}/src/main/deb/init.d</src>
<type>directory</type>
<mapper>
<type>perm</type>
<prefix>/etc/init.d</prefix>
<filemode>755</filemode>
</mapper>
</data>
</dataSet>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-javadocs</id>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
<!-- Added to make m2e happy, thanks to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8706017/maven-dependency-plugin-goals-copy-dependencies-unpack-is-not-supported-b -->
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- Ignore/Execute plugin execution -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<!-- copy-dependency plugin -->
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[1.0.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore />
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>release-sign-artifacts</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>performRelease</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</activation>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>sign-artifacts</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>sign</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<licenses>
<license>
<name>GNU General Public License, Version 3</name>
<url>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0-standalone.html</url>
<comments>
Copyright (C) 2010-2013 Axel Morgner, structr <structr@structr.org>
This file is part of structr <http://structr.org>.
structr is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.
structr is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with structr. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
</comments>
</license>
</licenses>
<scm>
<url>https://github.com/structr/structr</url>
<connection>scm:git:git@github.com:structr/structr.git</connection>
</scm>
<distributionManagement>
<!-- <repository>
<id>releases.maven.structr.org</id>
<name>maven.structr.org-releases</name>
<url>http://maven.structr.org/artifactory/release</url>
</repository>
<snapshotRepository>
<id>snapshots.maven.structr.org</id>
<name>maven.structr.org-snapshots</name>
<url>http://maven.structr.org/artifactory/snapshot</url>
</snapshotRepository>-->
<repository>
<id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
<name>Maven Central Staging</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2</url>
</repository>
<snapshotRepository>
<id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id>
<name>Maven Central Snapshots</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
</snapshotRepository>
</distributionManagement>
</project>
mvn exec:exec语句看起来等同于java JVM语句。这个问题可能基本上是;什么是maven做的不同于java，在maven案例中使程序正确运行？
编辑 - 其他maven和java调试信息
在mvn -X exec:exec上，输出在此处http://roberthoff.com/files/mvn_exec_trace.txt
在java -server -Dfile.encoding=utf-8 -XX:+UseNUMA -Xms1g -Xmx1g -classpath target/lib/*
;target/structr-ui-0.8.2.jar org.structr.Ui我们有http://roberthoff.com/files/java_trace.txt
答案 0 :(得分：3)
这里有一个有效的问题，因为根据Maven documentation on the exec:exec goal，您需要在配置中包含<\classpath>节，以便包含整个项目模块类路径。
但是，由于某种原因，似乎Maven正在使用完全（且正确）配置的类路径运行程序。
为了解决问题的根源，我将使用-X命令行参数运行Maven并仔细扫描调试输出，直到找到它运行的确切命令。然后我尝试从同一目录运行它，确保我使用相同的Java安装并查看它是否有效。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
注意pom中的maven-dependency-plugin。它将包期间的所有依赖项复制到target / lib文件夹，然后它们在classpath上。以下应该工作：
maven clean package -DskipTests
java -cp target/lib/*;target/structr-ui-0.8.2.jar org.structr.Ui