为什么此POSIX共享内存代码出现分段错误?

时间:2018-11-10 15:10:50

标签: c fork posix shared-memory mmap

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

int main()
{
    const int SIZE = 500;
    const char *name = "name";
    int fd;
    char *ptr = NULL;
    pid_t pid;
    pid = fork();

    if (pid < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Fork Failed");
        return 1;
    }
    else if (pid == 0) {
        fd = shm_open(name,O_CREAT | O_RDWR,0666);
        ftruncate(fd, SIZE);
        ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        sprintf(ptr, "%s", "Hello, World!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        wait(NULL);
        fd = shm_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0666);
        ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        printf("%s\n", (char *)ptr);
    }
    return 0;
}

我基本上希望在子进程中创建一些共享内存,并从父进程访问它。

在子进程中,mmap工作正常。当我使用mmap返回的指针进行打印时,实际上会打印Hello, World!,但是相同的打印会产生来自父级的段错误。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

在父级(pid!= 0)中,您打开了对象O_RDONLY,但使用PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED映射了该对象。删除| PROT_WRITE,您还好。 您可能希望在奇数时间检查返回值是否有错误。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

崩溃是由于摘录自man

O_RDONLY   Open the object for read access.  A shared memory object
           opened in this way can be mmap(2)ed only for read
           (PROT_READ) access.

您已尝试:

fd = shm_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0666);
//                  ^^^^^^^^
ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
//                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ incorrect!

另一句话:关于可移植性,您的name应该遵循man的建议:

For portable use, a shared memory object should be identified by a name
of the form /somename; that is, a null-terminated string of up to
NAME_MAX (i.e., 255) characters consisting of an initial slash,
followed by one or more characters, none of which are slashes.

最后,您进行了一些不必要的(char *)强制转换,并始终对返回值进行错误检查。