具有插入功能的二进制搜索树问题

时间:2018-11-09 20:39:46

标签: c++ data-structures binary-search-tree

你好,我是C ++的新手,正在学习二进制搜索树。 我正在尝试实现一个简单的二进制搜索树,我可以在其中存储“ KeyCodePair”对象(具有字符串和整数),并对树执行一些操作,例如搜索和插入。似乎我的逻辑存在一些问题,这就是为什么第一个Insert函数起作用但第二个不起作用(从Main调用)的原因,我猜我在哪里应该实现“ root”的方式存在问题

这是Tree.cpp:

#include "Tree.h";
#include "KeyCodePair.h";
Tree::Tree() {
    treeNode* root = NULL;
}
Tree::treeNode* Tree::getNewNode(KeyCodePair data) {

    treeNode* newNode = new treeNode();
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;
    return newNode;
}
   Tree::treeNode* Tree::Insert(KeyCodePair data) {
    if (root == NULL) { 
        root = getNewNode(data);
    }
    else if (data.getCode() <= root->data.getCode()) {
        root->left = Insert(data);
    }
    else {
        root->right = Insert(data);
    }
    return root;
}
bool Tree::Search(KeyCodePair data) {
    if (root == NULL) {
        return false;
    }
    else if (root->data.getCode() == data.getCode()) {
        return true;
    }
    else if (data.getCode() <= root->data.getCode()) {
        return Search(data);
    }
    else {
        return Search(data);
    }
}

Tree.h:

#ifndef TREE_H
#define TREE_H
#include "KeyCodePair.h"
class Tree {
private:
     struct treeNode {
        KeyCodePair data;
        treeNode* left;
        treeNode* right;
    } ;
     treeNode* root;
public:
    treeNode* Insert( KeyCodePair data);
    bool Search(KeyCodePair data);
    treeNode* getNewNode(KeyCodePair data);
    Tree();
};
#endif

KeyCodePair.cpp

#include "KeyCodePair.h"
KeyCodePair::KeyCodePair(string keyparam, int codeparam) {
    key = keyparam;
    code = codeparam;
}
KeyCodePair::KeyCodePair() {

}
string KeyCodePair::getKey() {
    return key;

}
int KeyCodePair::getCode() {
    return code;
}

KeyCodePair.h

#ifndef KEYCODEPAIR_H
#define KEYCODEPAIR_H
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class KeyCodePair {
private:
    string key;
    int code;
public:
    KeyCodePair();
    KeyCodePair(string key, int code);
    string getKey();
    int getCode();

};

#endif

最后这是主要内容:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Tree.h"
#include "KeyCodePair.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    Tree tree =  Tree();
    KeyCodePair testPair =  KeyCodePair("teststring1",10);
    KeyCodePair qwePair = KeyCodePair("teststring2", 20);
    cout << tree.Insert(testPair) << endl;
    cout << tree.Insert(qwePair) << endl; // problem on second insert

    if (tree.Search(testPair) == true) cout << "Found\n";
    else cout << "Not Found\n";
    cin.get();

    return 0;
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

让我们看一下您的插入函数:

Tree::treeNode* Tree::Insert(KeyCodePair data) {
    if (root == NULL) { 
        root = getNewNode(data);
    }
    else if (data.getCode() <= root->data.getCode()) {
        root->left = Insert(data);
    }
    else {
        root->right = Insert(data);
    }
    return root;
}

您要做的是将要插入的数据放入数据库中,然后查看根目录。如果没有根,则添加一个包含数据的新节点,并将其分配给根(这就是您第一次插入工作的原因)。但是,一旦有了根,就可以确定是将新节点放置在根的左侧还是右侧,然后使用相同的数据递归调用Insert()。接下来的对Insert的调用不会有任何不同,并且一遍又一遍地查看树的同一根,很可能会产生无限循环。

您需要做的是使用数据,首先一直沿树向下遍历到要插入节点的位置,然后将其插入并分配指针。一些代码可能看起来像这样:

Tree::Insert(KeyCodePair data) {
    // currPos will end up being the position where we want to insert
    Tree::treeNode* currPos = root;
    while (currPos != NULL) {
        if (data.getCode() <= currPos->data.getCode())
            currPos = currPos->left;
        else if (data.getCode() > currPos->data.getCode())
            currPos = currPos->right;
    }

    // Insert at currPos and reassign the left or right pointer of 
    // the parent
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

问题是您的插入内容仅考虑根节点。您需要遍历树到进行插入的位置:

class Tree {
   ...
public:
    treeNode* Insert(KeyCodePair data);
    ...
};

第1步:更改界面

class Tree {
   ...
    // The insert that does the work
    // We pass in the current position in the tree.
    treeNode* Insert(treeNode* node, KeyCodePair data);
public:

    // The public interface that accepts the data and calls the internal Insert
    void Insert(KeyCodePair data);
    ...
};

第2步:使用公共插入程序调用内部插入程序。

void Tree::Insert(KeyCodePair data) {
    // Use the internal Insert() passing the root as the starting point.
    // If a new value is needed it will be returned otherwise the original
    // value is returned.
    root = Insert(root, data);
}

第3步:将OP插件修改为内部插件。

Tree::treeNode* Tree::Insert(treeNode* node, KeyCodePair data) {
    if (node == NULL) { 
        // If we have reached the tip of the tree then
        // return the new node so it can be inserted.
        return getNewNode(data);
    }

    // Otherwise we have a node so we need to find the node
    // were the data will be inserted.
    // so move to the next level. Assign the result as the next
    // level could be null.
    if (data.getCode() <= root->data.getCode()) {
        node->left  = Insert(node->left,  data);
    }
    else {
        node->right = Insert(node->right, data);
    }

    // Return this node
    // So it stays in the chain.
    return node;
}