Java：如何使用方法正确返回结果

Question

我编写了一个程序，通过调用方法来打印“根据可能的温度” A，B，C或D季节。

代码：

import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Seasons {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int inputTemp;
    String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,
            "Enter the temperature");
    inputTemp = Integer.parseInt(response);
    String message = "Based on the temperature of " + inputTemp
            + " it is most likely " + determineSeason(inputTemp);
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message);

  }

  public static String determineSeason(int inputTemp) {
    String season = null;
    if (inputTemp > 130 || inputTemp < -20) { 
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Invalid");
    }

    else if (inputTemp >= 90) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"summer"); }

    else if (inputTemp >= 70 && inputTemp < 90) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"spring"); }
    else { 
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"winter"); }

    return season; 
  }
}

程序从我的方法返回的季节是JOptionPane，然后在主方法中显示JOptionPane，我需要说“基于季节是季节A，B，C或D的温度。

对于我所缺少的任何建议，将不胜感激！

Answer 1

您没有将结果分配给season，而只返回了null。

将if语句中的每个条件更改为与此类似的内容。

String season = null;
if (inputTemp > 130 || inputTemp < -20) {
    season = "invalid";
} else if(inputTemp >= 90) {
    season = "summer";
}

Answer 2

determineSeason应该是不处理UI部件（不与Swing组件交互）的私有方法。

private String determineSeason(int inputTemp) {
    if (inputTemp > 130 || inputTemp < -20) { 
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid");
    }

    if (inputTemp >= 90) {
        return "summer";
    } else if (inputTemp >= 70 && inputTemp < 90) {
        return "spring";
    } else { 
        return "winter";
    }
}

season不能为"Invalid"，您不会显示"it is most likely Invalid"，因此最好从方法中抛出异常，在调用方捕获并显示错误消息窗口：

class Seasons {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter the temperature");
        int inputTemp = Integer.parseInt(response);
        try {
            String message = String.format("Based on the temperature of %d, it is most likely %s", inputTemp, determineSeason(inputTemp));
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message);
        } catch (IllegalTemperatureValueException | NumberFormatException e) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, e.getMessage(), "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        }

    }

    private static String determineSeason(int inputTemp) throws IllegalTemperatureValueException {
        if (inputTemp > 130 || inputTemp < -20) {
            throw new IllegalTemperatureValueException("incorrect temperature value");
        }

        return inputTemp >= 90 ? "summer" : (inputTemp >= 70 ? "spring" : "winter");
    }
}

class IllegalTemperatureValueException extends Exception {
    public IllegalTemperatureValueException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

Answer 3

我建议您使用接口和Java 8 Streams。这样一来，您就避免了很多if，这使代码不太冗长，并且引入新类变得很简单。

即使在小型或简单的项目中，也要考虑面向接口的编程，这使您在声明新方法之前要多加考虑。

Season.java

public abstract class Season {

    public <T extends Season> Stream season(Integer temperature) {
        if (temperature <= max() && temperature >= min()) {
            return Stream.of(this);
        }
        return Stream.empty();
    }

    public abstract Integer max();

    public abstract Integer min();

    @Override
    public abstract String toString();
}

Summer.java

public class Summer extends Season {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Summer";
    }

    @Override
    public Integer max() {
        return 90;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer min() {
        return 70;
    }
}

Spring.java

public class Spring extends Season {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Spring";
    }

    @Override
    public Integer max() {
        return 69;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer min() {
        return 40;
    }
}

Main.java

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Collection<Season> seasons = new ArrayList();
        seasons.add(new Summer());
        seasons.add(new Winter());
        seasons.add(new Season() {
            @Override
            public Integer max() {
                return 39;
            }

            @Override
            public Integer min() {
                return 10;
            }

            @Override
            public String toString() {
                return "Winter";
            }
        });

        String response = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter the temperature");
        int temperature = Integer.parseInt(response);
        String msg = "Based on the temperature of %d it is most likely %s%n";

        seasons.stream().forEach(s -> {
            s.season(temperature).findAny().ifPresent(t -> {
                String message = String.format(msg, temperature, t);
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message);
            });
        });
    }
}