尝试为矩阵对象编写模板类。 出现编译错误:
c:\ program files(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(606):错误C2558:类'Matrix':没有可用的复制构造函数或将复制构造函数声明为'explicit' 1>与1> [1> T =浮动1>] 1> c:\ program文件(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(605):编译类模板成员函数'void std :: allocator <_Ty> :: construct(_Ty *,const _Ty&)'1>
1> [1> _Ty =矩阵1>] 1> c:\ program files(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(751):请参见对函数模板实例化的引用'void std :: allocator <_Ty> :: construct(_Ty *,const _Ty&)' 正在被1>编译为1> [1>
_Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> c:\程序文件(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ type_traits(743):请参见 引用类模板实例化'std :: allocator <_Ty>' 编译1>与1> [1>
_Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> c:\ program files(x86)\ microsoft visual studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ vector(655):请参阅 引用类模板实例化'std :: is_empty <_Ty>' 编译1>与1> [1>
_Ty = std :: allocator> 1>] 1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(35) :请参见对类模板实例化'std :: vector <_Ty>'的引用 正在被1>编译为1> [1>
_Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> 1> Build FAILED。 1>
AND
ClCompile:1> Source.cpp 1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(80): 错误C2664:'Matrix :: Matrix(Matrix&)':无法转换 参数1从'Matrix(__cdecl *)(void)'到'Matrix&'1>
1> [1> T = float 1>] 1>
e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(74) :在编译类模板成员函数'Matrix时 Matrix :: dot(const Matrix&)'1>与1> [1>
T = float 1>] 1>
e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(62)(62) :请参见对功能模板实例化'Matrix的参考 Matrix :: dot(const Matrix&)'正在编译1>,其中1> [1> T = float 1>] 1>
e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(38) :请参见对类模板实例化“ Matrix”的引用 编译1>与1> [1> T = float 1>
] 1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(84): 错误C2664:'Matrix :: Matrix(Matrix&)':无法转换 参数1从'Matrix(__cdecl *)(void)'到'Matrix&'1>
1> [1> T = float 1>] 1> 1> Build 失败。
“ Matrix.h”
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
template<typename T>
class Matrix {
private:
std::vector<T> data;
int rows;
int cols;
public:
Matrix();
Matrix(std::vector<T>, int rows, int cols);
Matrix(Matrix<T>&); //change with this one
//Matrix(const Matrix<T>&); //Will need to uncomment to test the 3rd error
void print();
Matrix<T> transpose();
Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> &); //error 2
//Matrix<T&> dot(const Matrix<T> &); //dumb idea?
//Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<T> &); //error 1
};
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix() {
data.clear();
rows = 0;
cols = 0;
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix(std::vector<T> elements, int numRows, int numCols) {
rows = numRows;
cols = numCols;
data.clear();
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
data.push_back(elements[i]);
}
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix(Matrix<T>& matrix) {
rows = matrix.rows;
cols = matrix.cols;
data.clear();
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
}
}
/* To get compiler error, exchange with a above
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix(const Matrix<T>& matrix) {
rows = matrix.rows;
cols = matrix.cols;
data.clear();
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
}
}*/
template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> & rhs) { //ERROR 2
//Matrix<&T> dot(const Matrix<T> &) {
//Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<T> &) { ERROR 1
if(cols != rhs.rows) {
std::cout << "Error! Can not resolve dot product on these matrices!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Requested: [" << rows << "x" << cols << "] <alt+7> [" << rhs.rows << "x" << rhs.cols << "]" << std::endl;
Matrix<T> matrix();
return matrix;
}
Matrix<T> matrix();
return matrix;
}
template <typename T>
void Matrix<T>::print() {
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
std::cout << data[i] << ", ";
if((i+1) % cols == 0)
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::transpose() {
std::vector<T> vec;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
vec.push_back(data[(cols*(i%rows)+i/rows)]);
}
return Matrix<T>(vec, cols, rows);
}
我已经阅读了有关如何更正此问题的几种不同想法,但不确定是什么问题。很多地方都在谈论只将T作为const引用传递,但是在这种情况下,我将把类作为const引用传递。似乎不喜欢这样。
我最终决定看看如果实现一个const引用副本构造函数会发生什么情况。
然后我得到这个错误:
未解析的外部符号“ public:类Matrix __thiscall Matrix :: dot(Matrix const&类)“ 在函数“ void”中引用(?dot @?$ Matrix @ M @@ QAE?AV1 @ ABV1 @@ Z) __cdecl testMatrixClass(void)”(?testMatrixClass @@ YAXXZ)
如果有可能,我如何完成将此类作为const引用传递?
谢谢!
测试实施
SOURCE.CPP
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "Matrix.h"
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
////TODO: Find alternatives to these...
//typedef std::vector<std::vector<float>> Matrix;
//typedef std::vector<float> Vector;
//using LMath::operator+;
//using LMath::operator==;
//void testMatrix(); //testing function.
//Matrix loadData(std::string); //Not implemented yet
//bool saveData(Matrix, std::string); //Not implemented yet
void testMatrixClass();
int main() {
//testMatrix();
testMatrixClass();
return 0;
}
void testMatrixClass() {
std::vector<Matrix<float>> testResults;
std::vector<std::string> testInfo;
Matrix<float> temp;
testResults.push_back(temp);
testInfo.push_back("Default Constructor");
std::vector<float> tempVec;
for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
tempVec.push_back((float)(i%3));
}
Matrix<float> temp2(tempVec, 3, 3);
testResults.push_back(temp2);
testInfo.push_back("Vector constructor");
testResults.push_back(temp2.transpose());
testInfo.push_back("Vector transpose");
tempVec.push_back(10.0);
Matrix<float> temp3(tempVec, 5, 2);
testResults.push_back(temp3);
testInfo.push_back("Vector constructor");
testResults.push_back(temp3.transpose());
testInfo.push_back("Vector transpose");
testResults.push_back(temp2.dot(temp2));
testInfo.push_back("Dot product");
testResults.push_back(temp2.dot(temp3));
testInfo.push_back("Error Dot Product");
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < testResults.size(); i++) {
std::cout << "Test: " << testInfo[i] << ": " << std::endl;;
testResults[i].print();
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
解决方案:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
template<typename T>
class Matrix {
private:
std::vector<T> data;
int rows;
int cols;
public:
Matrix();
Matrix(std::vector<T>, int rows, int cols);
//Matrix(Matrix<T>&);
Matrix(const Matrix<T>&);
void print();
Matrix<T> transpose();
Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> &);
};
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix() {
data.clear();
rows = 0;
cols = 0;
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix(std::vector<T> elements, int numRows, int numCols) {
rows = numRows;
cols = numCols;
data.clear();
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
data.push_back(elements[i]);
}
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix(const Matrix<T>& matrix) {
rows = matrix.rows;
cols = matrix.cols;
data.clear();
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
}
}
template <typename T>
void Matrix<T>::print() {
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
std::cout << data[i] << ", ";
if((i+1) % cols == 0)
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::transpose() {
std::vector<T> vec;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
vec.push_back(data[(cols*(i%rows)+i/rows)]);
}
return Matrix<T>(vec, cols, rows);
}
template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> & rhs) {
if(cols != rhs.rows) {
std::cout << "Error! Can not resolve dot product on these matrices!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Requested: [" << rows << "x" << cols << "] <alt+7> [" << rhs.rows << "x" << rhs.cols << "]" << std::endl;
Matrix<T> matrix;
return matrix;
}
Matrix<T> matrix;
return matrix;
}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
显示的代码有两个问题。
1)复制构造函数错误:
Matrix(Matrix<T>&);
复制构造函数必须将const
引用作为参数:
Matrix(const Matrix<T>&);
头文件中的实际声明也需要更改。
2)第二个问题是The Most Vexing Parse:
Matrix<T> matrix();
return matrix;
只需将其更改为:
Matrix<T> matrix;
return matrix;
或者只是:
return Matrix<T>();
这在显示的代码中的两个地方发生。
解决以上两个问题后,所示的代码将使用gcc 8编译。