通过const引用传递矩阵模板类的参数

时间:2018-10-27 00:23:29

标签: c++ templates class-template

尝试为矩阵对象编写模板类。 出现编译错误:

  

c:\ program files(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio   11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(606):错误C2558:类'Matrix':没有可用的复制构造函数或将复制构造函数声明为'explicit'   1>与1> [1> T =浮动1>]   1> c:\ program文件(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio   11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(605):编译类模板成员函数'void std :: allocator <_Ty> :: construct(_Ty *,const _Ty&)'1>
  1> [1> _Ty =矩阵1>] 1>   c:\ program files(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio   11.0 \ vc \ include \ xmemory0(751):请参见对函数模板实例化的引用'void std :: allocator <_Ty> :: construct(_Ty *,const _Ty&)'   正在被1>编译为1> [1>
  _Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> c:\程序文件(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ type_traits(743):请参见   引用类模板实例化'std :: allocator <_Ty>'   编译1>与1> [1>
  _Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> c:\ program files(x86)\ microsoft visual studio 11.0 \ vc \ include \ vector(655):请参阅   引用类模板实例化'std :: is_empty <_Ty>'   编译1>与1> [1>
  _Ty = std :: allocator> 1>] 1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(35)   :请参见对类模板实例化'std :: vector <_Ty>'的引用   正在被1>编译为1> [1>
  _Ty = Matrix 1>] 1> 1> Build FAILED。 1>

AND

  

ClCompile:1> Source.cpp   1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(80):   错误C2664:'Matrix :: Matrix(Matrix&)':无法转换   参数1从'Matrix(__cdecl *)(void)'到'Matrix&'1>
  1> [1> T = float 1>] 1>
  e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(74)   :在编译类模板成员函数'Matrix时   Matrix :: dot(const Matrix&)'1>与1> [1>
  T = float 1>] 1>
  e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(62)(62)   :请参见对功能模板实例化'Matrix的参考   Matrix :: dot(const Matrix&)'正在编译1>,其中1>   [1> T = float 1>] 1>
  e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ source.cpp(38)   :请参见对类模板实例化“ Matrix”的引用   编译1>与1> [1> T = float 1>
  ]   1> e:\ projects \ work \ nns \ fifteenstepstut \ fifteensteps \ fifteensteps \ matrix.h(84):   错误C2664:'Matrix :: Matrix(Matrix&)':无法转换   参数1从'Matrix(__cdecl *)(void)'到'Matrix&'1>
  1> [1> T = float 1>] 1> 1> Build   失败。

“ Matrix.h”

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
class Matrix {
private: 
    std::vector<T> data;
    int rows;
    int cols;

public:
    Matrix();
    Matrix(std::vector<T>, int rows, int cols);
    Matrix(Matrix<T>&); //change with this one
    //Matrix(const Matrix<T>&); //Will need to uncomment to test the 3rd error
    void print();
    Matrix<T> transpose();
    Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> &); //error 2
    //Matrix<T&> dot(const Matrix<T> &); //dumb idea?
    //Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<T> &); //error 1
};

template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix() {
    data.clear();
    rows = 0;
    cols = 0;
}

template <typename T> 
Matrix<T>::Matrix(std::vector<T> elements, int numRows, int numCols) {
    rows = numRows;
    cols = numCols;

    data.clear();
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(elements[i]);
    }
}

template <typename T> 
Matrix<T>::Matrix(Matrix<T>& matrix) {
    rows = matrix.rows;
    cols = matrix.cols;

    data.clear();
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
    }
}
/* To get compiler error, exchange with a above
template <typename T> 
Matrix<T>::Matrix(const Matrix<T>& matrix) {
    rows = matrix.rows;
    cols = matrix.cols;

    data.clear();
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
    }
}*/

template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> & rhs) { //ERROR 2
//Matrix<&T> dot(const Matrix<T> &) {   
//Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<T> &) { ERROR 1
    if(cols != rhs.rows) {
        std::cout << "Error! Can not resolve dot product on these matrices!" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Requested: [" << rows << "x" << cols << "] <alt+7> [" << rhs.rows << "x" << rhs.cols << "]" << std::endl;
        Matrix<T> matrix();
        return matrix;
    }

    Matrix<T> matrix();
    return matrix;
}

template <typename T>
void Matrix<T>::print() {
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << data[i] << ", ";
        if((i+1) % cols == 0)
            std::cout << std::endl;
    }
}

template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::transpose() {
    std::vector<T> vec;
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
        vec.push_back(data[(cols*(i%rows)+i/rows)]);
    }
    return Matrix<T>(vec, cols, rows);
}

我已经阅读了有关如何更正此问题的几种不同想法,但不确定是什么问题。很多地方都在谈论只将T作为const引用传递,但是在这种情况下,我将把类作为const引用传递。似乎不喜欢这样。

我最终决定看看如果实现一个const引用副本构造函数会发生什么情况。

然后我得到这个错误:

  

未解析的外部符号“ public:类Matrix __thiscall   Matrix :: dot(Matrix const&类)“   在函数“ void”中引用(?dot @?$ Matrix @ M @@ QAE?AV1 @ ABV1 @@ Z)   __cdecl testMatrixClass(void)”(?testMatrixClass @@ YAXXZ)

如果有可能,我如何完成将此类作为const引用传递?

谢谢!

测试实施

SOURCE.CPP

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "Matrix.h"
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>


////TODO: Find alternatives to these...
//typedef std::vector<std::vector<float>> Matrix;
//typedef std::vector<float> Vector;
//using LMath::operator+;
//using LMath::operator==;



//void testMatrix(); //testing function.
//Matrix loadData(std::string); //Not implemented yet
//bool saveData(Matrix, std::string); //Not implemented yet


void testMatrixClass();

int main() {

    //testMatrix();
    testMatrixClass();

    return 0;
}


void testMatrixClass() {

    std::vector<Matrix<float>> testResults;
    std::vector<std::string> testInfo;

    Matrix<float> temp;
    testResults.push_back(temp);
    testInfo.push_back("Default Constructor");

    std::vector<float> tempVec;
    for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
        tempVec.push_back((float)(i%3));
    }

    Matrix<float> temp2(tempVec, 3, 3);
    testResults.push_back(temp2);
    testInfo.push_back("Vector constructor");

    testResults.push_back(temp2.transpose());
    testInfo.push_back("Vector transpose");

    tempVec.push_back(10.0);
    Matrix<float> temp3(tempVec, 5, 2);
    testResults.push_back(temp3);
    testInfo.push_back("Vector constructor");

    testResults.push_back(temp3.transpose());
    testInfo.push_back("Vector transpose");

    testResults.push_back(temp2.dot(temp2));
    testInfo.push_back("Dot product");

    testResults.push_back(temp2.dot(temp3));
    testInfo.push_back("Error Dot Product");

    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < testResults.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << "Test: " << testInfo[i] << ": " << std::endl;;
        testResults[i].print();
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

}

解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
template<typename T>
class Matrix {
private: 
    std::vector<T> data;
    int rows;
    int cols;

public:
    Matrix();
    Matrix(std::vector<T>, int rows, int cols);
    //Matrix(Matrix<T>&);
    Matrix(const Matrix<T>&);
    void print();
    Matrix<T> transpose();
    Matrix<T> dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> &);
};

template <typename T>
Matrix<T>::Matrix() {
    data.clear();
    rows = 0;
    cols = 0;
}

template <typename T> 
Matrix<T>::Matrix(std::vector<T> elements, int numRows, int numCols) {
    rows = numRows;
    cols = numCols;

    data.clear();
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(elements[i]);
    }
}

template <typename T> 
Matrix<T>::Matrix(const Matrix<T>& matrix) {
    rows = matrix.rows;
    cols = matrix.cols;

    data.clear();
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < matrix.data.size(); i++) {
        data.push_back(matrix.data[i]);
    }
}


template <typename T>
void Matrix<T>::print() {
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
        std::cout << data[i] << ", ";
        if((i+1) % cols == 0)
            std::cout << std::endl;
    }
}

template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::transpose() {
    std::vector<T> vec;
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
        vec.push_back(data[(cols*(i%rows)+i/rows)]);
    }
    return Matrix<T>(vec, cols, rows);
}

template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::dot(const Matrix<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type> & rhs) {
    if(cols != rhs.rows) {
        std::cout << "Error! Can not resolve dot product on these matrices!" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Requested: [" << rows << "x" << cols << "] <alt+7> [" << rhs.rows << "x" << rhs.cols << "]" << std::endl;
        Matrix<T> matrix;
        return matrix;
    }

    Matrix<T> matrix;
    return matrix;
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

显示的代码有两个问题。

1)复制构造函数错误:

Matrix(Matrix<T>&);

复制构造函数必须将const引用作为参数:

Matrix(const Matrix<T>&);

头文件中的实际声明也需要更改。

2)第二个问题是The Most Vexing Parse

Matrix<T> matrix();
return matrix;

只需将其更改为:

Matrix<T> matrix;
return matrix;

或者只是:

return Matrix<T>();

这在显示的代码中的两个地方发生。

解决以上两个问题后,所示的代码将使用gcc 8编译。