我不明白“ TypeError：Start（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：'self'”的含义。我需要澄清此错误消息指的是什么以及修复它所需要的内容。
尽管this other Stack Overflow的问题答案是“需要实例化Application对象并在该对象上而不是在类上调用它”，但我完全不知道这种解释意味着要使用尽可能简单的语言。专门需要哪种代码修复来解决这种错误？
我正在制作的程序也有这种错误，但是我不知道我的程序到底在哪里出现此错误。当我按下自定义记录按钮时，它显示以下错误：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
TypeError: Start() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Python36-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
TypeError: Start() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
我的程序没有1699行；它只有大约128行。这是我的整个程序，大约有128行向您显示它确实没有1699行，以及向您显示包含此令人困惑的错误的程序：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import PhotoImage
import time
class TimeCheck():
def __init__(self, parent=None, **kw):
self._start = 0.0
self._elapsedtime = 0.0
self._running = 0
def trianglemove(move_x, move_y):
canvas.move (triangle3, move_x, move_y)
def _update(self):
self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
self._timer = self.after(50, self._update)
def _setTime(self, elap):
""" Set the time string to Minutes:Seconds:Hundreths """
minutes = int(elap/60)
seconds = int(elap - minutes*60.0)
hseconds = int((elap - minutes*60.0 - seconds)*100)
def Start(self):
""" Start the stopwatch, ignore if running. """
if not self._running:
self._start = time.time() - self._elapsedtime
self._update()
self._running = 1
print ("RECORD")
#for recordcounter in range(768):
trianglemove(1, 0)
def Stop(self):
""" Stop the stopwatch, ignore if stopped. """
if self._running:
self.after_cancel(self._timer)
self._elapsedtime = time.time() - self._start
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
self._running = 0
def Reset(self):
""" Reset the stopwatch. """
self._start = time.time()
self._elapsedtime = 0.0
self._setTime(self._elapsedtime)
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("960x600")
timechecker = TimeCheck(root)
recordbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/recordbutton.gif")
beatbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/beatbutton.gif")
stopbutton = PhotoImage(file="images/stopbutton.gif")
label_toptitle = tk.Label(root, text="Program Name", font=(None, 40),)
label_toptitle.grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
description = "To create rhythm, press the red record button. While recording, use the clicked note button to\n create a series of rectangle notes on screen. They can be held to extend the rectangles. \n\n Once you are done, press the red stop button to stop recording"
pixel = PhotoImage(width=1, height=1)
label_desc = tk.Label(root, image=pixel, compound="center", width=900, font=(None, 14),
padx=20, pady=10, text=description)
label_desc.grid(row=1, columnspan=3)
canvas = tk.Canvas(width=960, height=300, bg='white')
canvas.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=3)
for linecounter in range(49):
newtextbit = linecounter + 1
if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0 and newtextbit != 49:
#print ('x is divisible by 3')
canvas.create_text((linecounter * 16 + 80), 90,
fill="darkblue",
font="Times 10 bold",
text=newtextbit)
if (newtextbit + 3) % 4 == 0:
canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 40, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
width=1,
fill="black"
)
else:
canvas.create_line(((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 50, ((linecounter * 16 + 80)), 70,
width=1,
fill="black"
)
canvas.create_line(73, 70, 860, 70,
width=2,
fill="black"
)
triangle3 = canvas.create_polygon(75, 25, 86, 25, 80, 40, fill ='red')
f1 = tk.Frame(root, width=70, height=30)
f1.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky='W')
button_record = tk.Button(f1,
text="Record",
image=recordbutton,
command=TimeCheck.Start,
compound="top"
)
button_beat = tk.Button(f1,
text="Beat",
image=beatbutton,
#command=tomato,
compound="top"
)
button_playstop = tk.Button(f1,
text="Stop",
image=stopbutton,
#command=potato,
compound="top"
)
button_record.pack(side='left', padx=140)
button_beat.pack(side='left', padx=55)
button_playstop.pack(side='left', padx=140)
root.mainloop()
我的程序的目的是在按“记录”按钮时使红针以特定的速率向右移动。但是，该程序的特定区域一直使我在此页面顶部附近报告该错误。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
它告诉您1699行发生错误的原因是因为Tkinter尝试调用command=TimeCheck.Start参数中指定的函数时发生了错误。因此，该错误发生在Tkinter的模块代码内部，但是由您传入参数的方式引起的。
您需要先创建TimeCheck类的实例，然后再调用其中的非静态方法。该消息告诉您未传递self函数所需的Start参数，这是在Python中在实例化对象上调用函数时在后台发生的。
您需要做的就是使您的按钮命令参数像这样：
button_record = tk.Button(f1,
text="Record",
image=recordbutton,
command=timechecker.Start,
compound="top")
timechecker是已经实例化的TimeCheck对象，用于从中调用Start函数。