查询不符合XML的结构化数据
作为数据分析师，我经常使用结构化数据处理文件，这些结构化数据采用某种专有格式，并且无法进行常规的XML解析。
例如，我有一个大约一百个文档的档案，所有文档都以此开头：
<!DOCTYPE DOCUMENT PUBLIC "-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN">
我在下面提供了该文档的简短示例，如果您因克隆而得罪，请不要阅读。
有没有办法在没有DTD或名称空间或URI或我需要的任何东西的情况下进行查询？我可以使用SQL Server 2012+或xquery，或者我不知道是php还是vba。
<!DOCTYPE DOCUMENT PUBLIC "-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN">
<document synfileid="MCIESS0044">
<galedata><project>
<projectname>
<title>Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center</title>
</projectname>
</project></galedata>
<doc.head>
<title>Cloning</title>
</doc.head>
<doc.body>
<para>A clone is an identical copy of a plant or animal, produced from the genetic material of a single organism. In 1996 scientists in Britain created a sheep named Dolly, the first successful clone of an adult mammal. Since then, scientists have successfully cloned other animals, such as goats, mice, pigs, and rabbits. People began wondering if human beings would be next. The question of whether human cloning should be allowed, and under what conditions, raises a number of challenging scientific, legal, and ethical issues—including what it means to be human.</para>
<head n="1">Scientific Background</head>
<para>People have been cloning plants for thousands of years. Some plants produce offspring without any genetic material from another organism. In these cases, cloning simply requires cutting pieces of the stems, roots, or leaves of the plants and then planting the cuttings. The cuttings will grow into identical copies of the originals. Many common fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are produced in this way from parent plants with especially desirable characteristics.</para>
<para>[lots of excluded text] Perhaps the most perplexing question of all: How would clones feel about their status? As a copy, would they lack the sense of uniqueness that is part of the human condition? As yet, such questions have no answers—perhaps they never will. The debate about cloning, both animal and human, however, will certainly continue. The technology exists to create clones. How will society use this technology?</para>
</doc.body>
</document>
2 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：1)
您的SGML输入数据几乎是 XML，但事实是，与完整的SGML不同，XML始终需要系统标识符（文件名或URL）。外部DTD子集，而不仅仅是诸如-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN之类的公共标识符。因此DOCTYPE声明必须采用XML格式
<!DOCTYPE DOCUMENT
PUBLIC "-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN"
"test.dtd">
我在其中添加了"test.dtd"作为外部子集的系统标识符/文件名。当然，现在test.dtd文件必须存在。在工作目录中创建一个空的test.dtd文件就足够了，或者test.dtd可以包含一些有意义的声明，例如以下标记：
<!ELEMENT document ANY>
<!ELEMENT galedata ANY>
<!ELEMENT project ANY>
<!ELEMENT projectname ANY>
<!ELEMENT title ANY>
<!ELEMENT doc.head ANY>
<!ELEMENT doc.body ANY>
<!ELEMENT para ANY>
<!ELEMENT head ANY>
<!ATTLIST document synfileid CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST head n NUMBER #IMPLIED>
但是，正如您所发现的，您还可以通过删除DOCTYPE行来使XML工具满意。
现在，如果您想将文件处理为XML而无需手动编辑，则可以使用SGML将文件预处理为兼容的XML，然后对生成的XML使用XML查询工具。
要使用OpenSP / OpenJade SGML软件包（可以通过sudo apt-get install opensp安装在Ubuntu上）来执行此操作，您将在目录中放置一个catalog文件，其中包含以下告诉SGML的行将公共标识符-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN解析为test.dtd：
PUBLIC "-//Gale Research//DTD Document V2.0//EN" "test.dtd"
您可以从我上面给出的XML版本中编辑test.dtd，以包含标记遗漏指示器，默认情况下，这是经典SGML所必需的。但是您的测试数据还有另一个功能，该功能在OpenSP工具中默认情况下未启用，即在示例数据中支持十六进制字符实体引用，例如—。因此，无论如何，我们都将需要使用自定义SGML声明（有些陈旧的纯文本，用于指定文档正在使用的SGML功能）。因此，在使用它的同时，我们还将在SGML声明中声明FEATURES MINIMIZE OMITTAG NO，这使SGML接受没有标签省略指示符的元素声明，因此我们不必从XML版本更改test.dtd。
我们可以将SGML声明直接放在文档本身中，但要避免手动编辑。我们将对SGML声明使用目录解析。如果将以下行添加到catalog文件中
SGMLDECL "xml10-sgmldecl.dcl"
然后，OpenSP将使用xml10-sgmldecl.dcl中存储的任何内容作为SGML声明。我们将使用的实际SGML是XML 1.0的正式SGML声明（具有我们已经想要的所有功能）。您无需详细了解SGML声明的含义。只需将下面附带的文本粘贴到名为xml10-sgmldecl.dcl的文件中即可；如果您对这些细节感兴趣，请在http://sgmljs.net/docs/sgmlrefman.html#sgml-declaration上查看我的描述。
现在您可以调用
osx <your-file>
从您的SGML生成XML，而不会出错。
<!SGML "ISO 8879:1986 (WWW)"
-- SGML Declaration for XML 1.0 --
-- from:
Final text of revised Web SGML Adaptations Annex (TC2) to ISO 8879:1986
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 N0029: 1998-12-06
Annex L.2 (informative): SGML Declaration for XML
changes made to accommodate validation are noted with 'VALID:'
--
CHARSET
BASESET "ISO Registration Number 177//CHARSET
ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 UCS-4 with implementation
level 3//ESC 2/5 2/15 4/6"
DESCSET
0 9 UNUSED
9 2 9
11 2 UNUSED
13 1 13
14 18 UNUSED
32 95 32
127 1 UNUSED
128 32 UNUSED
160 55136 160
55296 2048 UNUSED -- surrogates --
57344 8190 57344
65534 2 UNUSED -- FFFE and FFFF --
65536 1048576 65536
CAPACITY NONE -- Capacities are not restricted in XML --
SCOPE DOCUMENT
SYNTAX
SHUNCHAR NONE
BASESET "ISO Registration Number 177//CHARSET
ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 UCS-4 with implementation
level 3//ESC 2/5 2/15 4/6"
DESCSET
0 1114112 0
FUNCTION
RE 13
RS 10
SPACE 32
TAB SEPCHAR 9
NAMING
LCNMSTRT ""
UCNMSTRT ""
NAMESTRT
58 95 192-214 216-246 248-305 308-318 321-328
330-382 384-451 461-496 500-501 506-535 592-680
699-705 902 904-906 908 910-929 931-974 976-982
986 988 990 992 994-1011 1025-1036 1038-1103
1105-1116 1118-1153 1168-1220 1223-1224
1227-1228 1232-1259 1262-1269 1272-1273
1329-1366 1369 1377-1414 1488-1514 1520-1522
1569-1594 1601-1610 1649-1719 1722-1726
1728-1742 1744-1747 1749 1765-1766 2309-2361
2365 2392-2401 2437-2444 2447-2448 2451-2472
2474-2480 2482 2486-2489 2524-2525 2527-2529
2544-2545 2565-2570 2575-2576 2579-2600
2602-2608 2610-2611 2613-2614 2616-2617
2649-2652 2654 2674-2676 2693-2699 2701
2703-2705 2707-2728 2730-2736 2738-2739
2741-2745 2749 2784 2821-2828 2831-2832
2835-2856 2858-2864 2866-2867 2870-2873 2877
2908-2909 2911-2913 2949-2954 2958-2960
2962-2965 2969-2970 2972 2974-2975 2979-2980
2984-2986 2990-2997 2999-3001 3077-3084
3086-3088 3090-3112 3114-3123 3125-3129
3168-3169 3205-3212 3214-3216 3218-3240
3242-3251 3253-3257 3294 3296-3297 3333-3340
3342-3344 3346-3368 3370-3385 3424-3425
3585-3630 3632 3634-3635 3648-3653 3713-3714
3716 3719-3720 3722 3725 3732-3735 3737-3743
3745-3747 3749 3751 3754-3755 3757-3758 3760
3762-3763 3773 3776-3780 3904-3911 3913-3945
4256-4293 4304-4342 4352 4354-4355 4357-4359
4361 4363-4364 4366-4370 4412 4414 4416 4428
4430 4432 4436-4437 4441 4447-4449 4451 4453
4455 4457 4461-4462 4466-4467 4469 4510 4520
4523 4526-4527 4535-4536 4538 4540-4546 4587
4592 4601 7680-7835 7840-7929 7936-7957
7960-7965 7968-8005 8008-8013 8016-8023 8025
8027 8029 8031-8061 8064-8116 8118-8124 8126
8130-8132 8134-8140 8144-8147 8150-8155
8160-8172 8178-8180 8182-8188 8486 8490-8491
8494 8576-8578 12295 12321-12329 12353-12436
12449-12538 12549-12588 19968-40869 44032-55203
LCNMCHAR ""
UCNMCHAR ""
NAMECHAR
45-46 183 720-721 768-837 864-865 903 1155-1158
1425-1441 1443-1465 1467-1469 1471 1473-1474
1476 1600 1611-1618 1632-1641 1648 1750-1764
1767-1768 1770-1773 1776-1785 2305-2307 2364
2366-2381 2385-2388 2402-2403 2406-2415
2433-2435 2492 2494-2500 2503-2504 2507-2509
2519 2530-2531 2534-2543 2562 2620 2622-2626
2631-2632 2635-2637 2662-2673 2689-2691 2748
2750-2757 2759-2761 2763-2765 2790-2799
2817-2819 2876 2878-2883 2887-2888 2891-2893
2902-2903 2918-2927 2946-2947 3006-3010
3014-3016 3018-3021 3031 3047-3055 3073-3075
3134-3140 3142-3144 3146-3149 3157-3158
3174-3183 3202-3203 3262-3268 3270-3272
3274-3277 3285-3286 3302-3311 3330-3331
3390-3395 3398-3400 3402-3405 3415 3430-3439
3633 3636-3642 3654-3662 3664-3673 3761
3764-3769 3771-3772 3782 3784-3789 3792-3801
3864-3865 3872-3881 3893 3895 3897 3902-3903
3953-3972 3974-3979 3984-3989 3991 3993-4013
4017-4023 4025 8400-8412 8417 12293 12330-12335
12337-12341 12441-12442 12445-12446 12540-12542
NAMECASE
GENERAL NO
ENTITY NO
DELIM
GENERAL SGMLREF
HCRO "&#x"
-- Ampersand followed by "#x" (without quotes) --
NESTC "/"
NET ">"
PIC "?>"
SHORTREF NONE
NAMES
SGMLREF
QUANTITY
NONE -- Quantities are not restricted in XML --
ENTITIES
"amp" 38
"lt" 60
"gt" 62
"quot" 34
"apos" 39
FEATURES
MINIMIZE
DATATAG NO
OMITTAG NO
RANK NO
SHORTTAG
STARTTAG
EMPTY NO
UNCLOSED NO
NETENABL IMMEDNET
ENDTAG
EMPTY NO
UNCLOSED NO
ATTRIB
DEFAULT YES
OMITNAME NO
VALUE NO
EMPTYNRM YES
IMPLYDEF
ATTLIST YES
DOCTYPE NO
ELEMENT YES
ENTITY NO
NOTATION YES
LINK
SIMPLE NO
IMPLICIT NO
EXPLICIT NO
OTHER
CONCUR NO
SUBDOC NO
FORMAL NO
URN NO
KEEPRSRE YES
VALIDITY NOASSERT
ENTITIES
REF ANY
INTEGRAL YES
APPINFO NONE
SEEALSO "ISO 8879//NOTATION Extensible Markup Language (XML)
1.0//EN">
答案 1 :(得分：0)
如果您正在寻找一个可以解析几乎所有XML的辅助函数，请考虑以下内容。
结果可能超出了必要，但很容易减少。我会经常在发现阶段使用它。
示例
Declare @XML xml ='
<document synfileid="MCIESS0044">
<galedata>
<project>
<projectname>
<title>Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center</title>
</projectname>
</project>
</galedata>
<doc.head>
<title>Cloning</title>
</doc.head>
<doc.body>
<para>A clone is an identical copy of a plant or animal, produced from the genetic material of a single organism. In 1996 scientists in Britain created a sheep named Dolly, the first successful clone of an adult mammal. Since then, scientists have successfully cloned other animals, such as goats, mice, pigs, and rabbits. People began wondering if human beings would be next. The question of whether human cloning should be allowed, and under what conditions, raises a number of challenging scientific, legal, and ethical issues—including what it means to be human.</para>
<head n="1">Scientific Background</head>
<para>People have been cloning plants for thousands of years. Some plants produce offspring without any genetic material from another organism. In these cases, cloning simply requires cutting pieces of the stems, roots, or leaves of the plants and then planting the cuttings. The cuttings will grow into identical copies of the originals. Many common fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are produced in this way from parent plants with especially desirable characteristics.</para>
<para>[lots of excluded text] Perhaps the most perplexing question of all: How would clones feel about their status? As a copy, would they lack the sense of uniqueness that is part of the human condition? As yet, such questions have no answers—perhaps they never will. The debate about cloning, both animal and human, however, will certainly continue. The technology exists to create clones. How will society use this technology?</para>
</doc.body>
</document>
'
Select *
From [dbo].[tvf-XML-Hier](@XML)
Order By R1
返回
感兴趣的TVF
全部披露：原始来源为 http://beyondrelational.com/modules/2/blogs/28/posts/10495/xquery-lab-58-select-from-xml.aspx ...做了一些调整
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[tvf-XML-Hier](@XML xml)
Returns Table
As Return
with cte0 as (
Select Lvl = 1
,ID = Cast(1 as int)
,Pt = Cast(NULL as int)
,Element = x.value('local-name(.)','varchar(150)')
,Attribute = cast('' as varchar(150))
,Value = x.value('text()[1]','varchar(max)')
,XPath = cast(concat(x.value('local-name(.)','varchar(max)'),'[' ,cast(Row_Number() Over(Order By (Select 1)) as int),']') as varchar(max))
,Seq = cast(1000000+Row_Number() over(Order By (Select 1)) as varchar(max))
,AttData = x.query('.')
,XMLData = x.query('*')
From @XML.nodes('/*') a(x)
Union All
Select Lvl = p.Lvl + 1
,ID = Cast( (Lvl + 1) * 1024 + (Row_Number() Over(Order By (Select 1)) * 2) as int ) * 10
,Pt = p.ID
,Element = c.value('local-name(.)','varchar(150)')
,Attribute = cast('' as varchar(150))
,Value = cast( c.value('text()[1]','varchar(max)') as varchar(max) )
,XPath = cast(concat(p.XPath,'/',c.value('local-name(.)','varchar(max)'),'[',cast(Row_Number() Over(PARTITION BY c.value('local-name(.)','varchar(max)') Order By (Select 1)) as int),']') as varchar(max) )
,Seq = cast(concat(p.Seq,' ',10000000+Cast( (Lvl + 1) * 1024 + (Row_Number() Over(Order By (Select 1)) * 2) as int ) * 10) as varchar(max))
,AttData = c.query('.')
,XMLData = c.query('*')
From cte0 p
Cross Apply p.XMLData.nodes('*') b(c)
)
, cte1 as (
Select R1 = Row_Number() over (Order By Seq),A.*
From (
Select Lvl,ID,Pt,Element,Attribute,Value,XPath,Seq From cte0
Union All
Select Lvl = p.Lvl+1
,ID = p.ID + Row_Number() over (Order By (Select NULL))
,Pt = p.ID
,Element = p.Element
,Attribute = x.value('local-name(.)','varchar(150)')
,Value = x.value('.','varchar(max)')
,XPath = p.XPath + '/@' + x.value('local-name(.)','varchar(max)')
,Seq = cast(concat(p.Seq,' ',10000000+p.ID + Row_Number() over (Order By (Select NULL)) ) as varchar(max))
From cte0 p
Cross Apply AttData.nodes('/*/@*') a(x)
) A
)
Select A.R1
,R2 = IsNull((Select max(R1) From cte1 Where Seq Like A.Seq+'%'),A.R1)
,A.Lvl
,A.ID
,A.Pt
,A.Element
,A.Attribute
,A.XPath
,Title = Replicate('|---',Lvl-1)+Element+IIF(Attribute='','','@'+Attribute)
,A.Value
From cte1 A
/*
Source: http://beyondrelational.com/modules/2/blogs/28/posts/10495/xquery-lab-58-select-from-xml.aspx
Declare @XML xml='<person><firstname preferred="Annie" nickname="BeBe">Annabelle</firstname><lastname>Smith</lastname></person>'
Select * from [dbo].[tvf-XML-Hier](@XML) Order by R1
*/
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