Question

（对于那些上次我问这个问题的人，我表示诚挚的歉意，当我指的是“功能”时，我使用了“模块”一词，但是仍然感谢您的非常有帮助的建议！我将确保当我开始将其他文件添加到方程式时要牢记这一点。）

我正在尝试使用python制作基于文本的冒险游戏，因此它需要很多变量，并且由于回溯是必须，因此我需要使用全局变量基本的。尝试让其他功能读取这些内容时，我遇到了减速带。这是用于定义通用变量及其起始值的代码行

def reset():
    global gold, exp, etnl, maxHP, curHP, maxmana, curmana, attack, defence, helm, armtop, armbot, boots, gloves, weapons
    gold = 0
    exp = 0
    etnl = 100 #exp to next level
    maxHP = 50
    curHP = 50
    maxmana = 10
    curmana = 10
    attack = 5
    defence = 5
    helm = "none"
    armtop = "none"
    armbot = "none"
    boots = "none" 
    gloves = "none"
    weapon = "fists"

例如，当我尝试显示全局变量之一时，它显示为未定义的变量，如下所示：

def gamestart():
    clear() #this command is fine, simply to make it look neater when it is run again
    print("you wake up in a clearing in the forest, you can't remember what happened.")
    print("you feel numb, you realize you're lying flat on your back.")
    print
    print("HP " + str(curHP) + "/" + str(maxHP))

有人可以帮我这个忙吗？有没有更简单的方法可以做到这一点？感谢所有帮助！（是的，我确保在newgame函数之前运行reset函数）

一个更简单的版本，至少在我看来是这样的：

def variable():
    global foo
    foo = 7

def trigger():
    variable():
    output():

def output():
    print(foo)

Answer 1

这是我认为您要实现的目标的简单示例。如果您使用的是全局变量，则需要确保不要无意间在函数中创建具有相同名称的局部变量（当您要修改全局变量时）。

您应该查看使用classes的情况，我认为这可以帮助您解决一些语义上的混乱。

value = 10

def reset():
    global value
    value = 10

def start():
    print(f'initial value: {value}')
    global value
    value += 1
    print(f'updated value: {value}')
    reset()
    print(f'reset value: {value}')

start()

# OUTPUT
# initial value: 10
# updated value: 11
# reset value: 10

Answer 2

您可以将这些内容存储到用作存储容器的类中。如果将它们声明为classvariables，并将所有访问器声明为@classmethods，则不需要实例。

class GameState:
    gold = 0
    exp = 0
    etnl = 100 #exp to next level
    maxHP = 50
    curHP = 50
    maxmana = 10
    curmana = 10
    helm = "none"
    armtop = "none"
    armbot = "none"
    boots = "none"
    gloves = "none"
    weapon = "fists"

    weapons = {"fists":(5,5),"sword":(15,12),"mace":(30,3),"cushion":(2,20)}

    @classmethod
    def reset(cls):
        cls.gold = 0
        cls.exp = 0
        cls.etnl = 100 #exp to next level
        cls.maxHP = 50
        cls.curHP = 50
        cls.maxmana = 10
        cls.curmana = 10
        cls.helm = "none"
        cls.armtop = "none"
        cls.armbot = "none"
        cls.boots = "none"
        cls.gloves = "none"
        cls.weapon = "fists"

    @classmethod
    def attack(cls):
        return cls.weapons.get(cls.weapon,(0,0))[0]

    @classmethod
    def defense(cls):         
        return cls.weapons.get(cls.weapon,(0,0))[1]


for w in State.weapons:
    State.weapon = w
    print("{} has attack {} and defense {}.".format(w, State.attack(),State.defense()))

输出：

fists has attack 5 and defense 5.
sword has attack 15 and defense 12.
mace has attack 30 and defense 3.
cushion has attack 2 and defense 20.

您可能想将某些东西分开-f.e.武器/伤害/防御相关物品的额外类别...

更多阅读：

Answer 3

您是否考虑过将所有统计信息存储在类/结构中，而不是全局变量？在游戏开始时创建该类的实例，并在构造函数中指定其默认值。

G = StartClass（）

def gamestart():       
    print("you wake up in a clearing in the forest, you can't remember what happened.")
    print("you feel numb, you realize you're lying flat on your back.")
    print("HP " + str(G.curHP) + "/" + str(G.maxHP))

或者，全局声明G并将其传递给gamestart（G）和/或在reset（）函数中重新实例化也是可能的选择。

全局变量未包含在FUNCTIONS中

3 个答案: