Question

我正在尝试使用str_split将以下观察结果拆分为特定格式。

"00010943900008" "00010946803119" "00010946803219" "00010946803219" "00010946803219" "00010948700007"

我正在尝试将其拆分为不同的列。

第一个观察结果如下所示：

Column x = 00

Column y = 01

Column z = 09439

Column w = 00008

其中x列将始终是观察结果的前2个数字，y列将是后2个数字，z列将是后5个数字，w列将是最后5个数字

数据

string <- c("00010943900008", "00010946803119", "00010946803219", "00010946803219", 
"00010946803219", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00010948700007", 
"00010948700007", "00010948700007", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", 
"00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016", "00011820000016"
)

Answer 1

您可以使用\n作为分隔符来连接数据或将其写入文件，然后使用readr::read_fwf或read.fwf（仅来自文件）将其导入为固定宽度格式。这是readr::read_fwf版本，没有写入磁盘：

library(readr)
result = read_fwf(paste(string, collapse = "\n"),
                  col_positions = fwf_widths(c(2, 2, 5, 5), col_names = c("x", "y", "z", "w")))
head(result)
# # A tibble: 6 x 4
#   x     y     z     w
#   <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
# 1 00    01    09439 00008
# 2 00    01    09468 03119
# 3 00    01    09468 03219
# 4 00    01    09468 03219
# 5 00    01    09468 03219
# 6 00    01    09487 00007

Answer 2

您可以根据字符串创建一个数据帧，然后使用substr（），它会根据位置返回部分字符串：

data<- as.data.frame(string)
data$x <- substr(string,1,2)
data$y <- substr(string,3,4)
data$z <- substr(string,5,9)
data$w <- substr(string,10,14)

Answer 3

我们可以使用regex和read.table（仅在模式相同的情况下才有效）：

> read.table(text=gsub("(\\d{2})(\\d{2})(\\d{5})(\\d{5})", "\\1,\\2,\\3,\\4", string),
             colClasses="character", sep=",", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
    V1 V2    V3    V4
1   00 01 09439 00008
2   00 01 09468 03119
3   00 01 09468 03219
4   00 01 09468 03219
5   00 01 09468 03219
6   00 01 09487 00007
7   00 01 09487 00007
8   00 01 09487 00007
9   00 01 09487 00007
10  00 01 09487 00007
...

Answer 4

使用extract中的tidyr。 extract将每个正则表达式捕获组转换为自己的列。如果我们不想保留原始列，则可以设置remove = TRUE（默认值）：

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

string %>%
  data.frame(string = .) %>%
  extract(string, c("x","y","z","w"), "^(\\d{2})(\\d{2})(\\d{5})(\\d{5})", remove = FALSE)

输出：

            string  x  y     z     w
1   00010943900008 00 01 09439 00008
2   00010946803119 00 01 09468 03119
3   00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219
4   00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219
5   00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219
6   00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
7   00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
8   00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
9   00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
10  00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
11  00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007
12  00010948700007 00 01 09487 00007

Answer 5

使用tidyr::separate:

library(tidyr)

data.frame(string = string[1:5]) %>% 
  separate(string, c("x", "y", "z", "w"),
           sep = c(2, 4, 9), remove = FALSE)

#           string  x  y     z     w
# 1 00010943900008 00 01 09439 00008
# 2 00010946803119 00 01 09468 03119
# 3 00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219
# 4 00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219
# 5 00010946803219 00 01 09468 03219

将字符串拆分为多个固定宽度的列

5 个答案: