在Ubuntu 18.04 Server上将R更新到3.5.1版本后，我收到此错误消息fatal error: unable to open the base package
我尝试卸载并重新安装该软件包三次，但仍然出现相同的错误。我该如何解决？
这是服务器上的当前R版本>>
IN: apt policy r-base
OUT: Installed: 3.5.1-1xenial
Candidate: 3.5.1-1xenial
Version table:
* 3.5.1-1xenial 500
500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial-cran35/ Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
3.5.1-1bionic 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/marutter/rrutter3.5/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
3.5.0-1xenial 500
500 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial-cran35/ Packages
已更新
尝试使用@ duckmayr
中的步骤之后这是apt policy r-base
r-base:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.5.1-1bionic
Version table:
3.5.1-1bionic 500
500 http://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
3.5.0-1bionic 500
500 http://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/ Packages
3.4.4-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.3-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.2-2xenial2 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.2-1xenial1 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.1-2xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.1-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.4.0-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.3.3-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.3.2-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.3.1-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.3.0-2xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.3.0-1xenial0 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
3.2.5-1xenial 500
500 http://cran.wustl.edu/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ Packages
并在我执行sudo apt-get install r-base r-base-core
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
r-base : Depends: r-recommended (= 3.5.1-1bionic) but it is not going to be installed
r-base-core : Depends: zip but it is not installable
Depends: unzip but it is not installable
Depends: libpaper-utils but it is not installable
Depends: libcurl4 (>= 7.28.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libtcl8.6 (>= 8.6.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libtiff5 (>= 4.0.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libtk8.6 (>= 8.6.0) but it is not installable
Recommends: r-recommended but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: r-base-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
，并在尝试sudo apt install libcurl4-gnutls-dev libxml2-dev libssl-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libcurl4-gnutls-dev is already the newest version (7.58.0-2ubuntu3.3).
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (= 1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) but 1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.1 is to be installed
Recommends: libssl-doc but it is not going to be installed
libxml2-dev : Depends: libxml2 (= 2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.6) but 2.9.4+dfsg1-6.1ubuntu1.2 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
答案 0 :(得分：3)
似乎您已经为R 3.5.1安装了Xenial（Ubuntu 16.04）软件包，因此它可能会解决您的问题，以安装Bionic（Ubuntu 18.04）版本。我有一个答案here，展示了如何在Linux Mint 19上升级到R 3.5.x，并且正如我所解释的here一样，这些说明也适用于Ubuntu 18.04（因为Mint基于Ubuntu）；我有一些运行Mint 19的计算机和一些运行Ubuntu 18.04的计算机，并且两者都使用相同的过程。但是，这似乎不是重复的，因为在执行正确的安装过程之前，您需要进行一些清理工作，并且可以跳过一些步骤。这就是我要做的：
您可以通过以下方式进行
sudo apt purge r-base
或者，如果您也有r-base-dev
sudo apt purge r-base r-base-dev
您已添加以下存储库：
ppa:marutter/rrutter3.5 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial-cran35/ 您应该可以通过以下方式删除它们
sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:marutter/rrutter3.5
sudo apt-add-repository --remove 'deb cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial-cran35/'
这遵循我上面链接的指南，但是由于您已经完成了此操作，因此跳过了添加可信密钥的步骤；如果运行以下命令，则应该没问题：
sudo echo "deb http://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install r-base r-base-dev
请注意，我已经安装了r-base 和 r-base-dev，但是我不知道您是否要安装r-base-dev。我强烈推荐它。
然后，您应该能够进行全新的R会话，您可以在其中运行
update.packages(checkBuilt = TRUE, ask = FALSE)
确保您以前安装了所有R软件包。