假设我有一个函数fetchUser
,它以参数userId
作为参数并返回一个可观察到的用户。
由于我经常调用此方法,因此我想 batch 个ID来代替多个ID来执行一个请求!
这是我的烦恼开始了...
在没有fetchUser
的不同调用之间共享可观察对象的情况下,我找不到解决方案。
import { Subject, from } from "rxjs"
import { bufferTime, mergeMap, map, toArray, filter, take, share } from "rxjs/operators"
const functionThatSimulateAFetch = (userIds: string[]) => from(userIds).pipe(
map((userId) => ({ id: userId, name: "George" })),
toArray(),
)
const userToFetch$ = new Subject<string>()
const fetchedUser$ = userToFetch$.pipe(
bufferTime(1000),
mergeMap((userIds) => functionThatSimulateAFetch(userIds)),
share(),
)
const fetchUser = (userId: string) => {
const observable = fetchedUser$.pipe(
map((users) => users.find((user) => user.id === userId)),
filter((user) => !!user),
take(1),
)
userToFetch$.next(userId)
return observable
}
但这很丑,而且有很多麻烦:
fetchUser
的计时器结束之前取消订阅bufferTime
返回的可观察对象,这不会阻止用户的获取。 fetchUser
返回的所有可观察对象,那么它不会取消请求。更笼统地说:我不知道如何使用RxJS解决需要共享资源的问题。很难找到RxJS的高级示例。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我认为@Biggy是正确的。
这是我理解问题以及您要实现的目标的方式
null
如果这都是真的,那么您可能必须像Buggy建议的那样具有某种排队机制。
那么可能有很多这种机制的实现。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您拥有的东西很好,但是与所有RxJS一样,但细节在于魔鬼。
switchMap
mergeMap((userIds) => functionThatSimulateAFetch(userIds)),
这是您第一次出错。通过在此处使用合并映射,您将无法从“单个请求返回的流”中告诉appart“请求流”:
相反,您想要的是通过正常的BatchEvent
(产生可观察的可观察物)和map
/ switchMap
发出单独的mergeMap
那些在过滤之后。
userToFetch$.next(userId)
return observable
不要这样做。可观察者本身实际上不做任何事情。这是您在订阅时 进行一系列操作的“蓝图”。这样,您只能在可观察的创建上创建批处理操作,但是如果您获得了多个或延迟的订阅,就会很费力。
相反,您希望从defer
创建一个可观察对象,并在每次订阅时向userToFetch$
发出。
即使那样,您也要先订阅可观察的 ,然后再发送给userToFetch
:如果您未订阅,则可观察的对象不会收听主题,并且该事件将迷路了。您可以以类似延缓的可观察方式进行操作。
简短,与您的代码没有太大区别,但结构如下。
const BUFFER_TIME = 1000;
type BatchEvent = { keys: Set<string>, values: Observable<Users> };
/** The incoming keys */
const keySubject = new Subject<string>();
const requests: Observable<{ keys: Set<string>, values: Observable<Users> }> =
this.keySubject.asObservable().pipe(
bufferTime(BUFFER_TIME),
map(keys => this.fetchBatch(keys)),
share(),
);
/** Returns a single User from an ID. Batches the request */
function get(userId: string): Observable<User> {
console.log("Creating observable for:", userId);
// The money observable. See "defer":
// triggers a new subject event on subscription
const observable = new Observable<BatchEvent>(observer => {
this.requests.subscribe(observer);
// Emit *after* the subscription
this.keySubject.next(userId);
});
return observable.pipe(
first(v => v.keys.has(userId)),
// There is only 1 item, so any *Map will do here
switchMap(v => v.values),
map(v => v[userId]),
);
}
function fetchBatch(args: string[]): BatchEvent {
const keys = new Set(args); // Do not batch duplicates
const values = this.userService.get(Array.from(keys)).pipe(
share(),
);
return { keys, values };
}
这完全符合您的要求,包括:
shareReplay
或其他任何内容。所以没有惊喜。这是一个有效的stackblitz Angular演示:https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-rxjs-batch-request
尤其是,当您“切换”显示时,请注意行为:您将注意到重新订阅现有的可观察对象将触发新的批处理请求,并且如果您重新执行以下操作,这些请求将被取消(或完全不触发)切换速度足够快。
在我们的项目中,我们将此用于Angular Tables,其中每行需要单独获取其他数据以进行渲染。这使我们能够:
我不会在其中添加分块或速率限制。由于可观察到的源是哑巴bufferTime
,因此您会遇到问题:
这是一种悲观的观点。修复它意味着要使用状态队列/批处理机制,这要复杂得多。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我不确定这是否是解决此问题的最佳方法(至少需要测试),但是我将尝试解释我的观点。
我们有2个queue
:用于待处理和功能请求。
result
有助于向订户传递响应/错误。
基于某种时间表的某种工作者从队列中提取任务来执行请求。
如果我取消订阅fetchUser返回的可观察对象 bufferTime的计时器已完成,它不会阻止获取 用户。
从fetchUser
退订将清除request queue
,而worker
将无济于事。
如果我取消订阅fetchUser返回的所有可观察对象,则之前 批次的提取已完成,不会取消请求。
工作人员订阅until isNothingRemain$
const functionThatSimulateAFetch = (userIds: string[]) => from(userIds).pipe(
map((userId) => ({ id: userId, name: "George" })),
toArray(),
tap(() => console.log('API_CALL', userIds)),
delay(200),
)
class Queue {
queue$ = new BehaviorSubject(new Map());
private get currentQueue() {
return new Map(this.queue$.getValue());
}
add(...ids) {
const newMap = ids.reduce((acc, id) => {
acc.set(id, (acc.get(id) || 0) + 1);
return acc;
}, this.currentQueue);
this.queue$.next(newMap);
};
addMap(idmap: Map<any, any>) {
const newMap = (Array.from(idmap.keys()))
.reduce((acc, id) => {
acc.set(id, (acc.get(id) || 0) + idmap.get(id));
return acc;
}, this.currentQueue);
this.queue$.next(newMap);
}
remove(...ids) {
const newMap = ids.reduce((acc, id) => {
acc.get(id) > 1 ? acc.set(id, acc.get(id) - 1) : acc.delete(id);
return acc;
}, this.currentQueue)
this.queue$.next(newMap);
};
removeMap(idmap: Map<any, any>) {
const newMap = (Array.from(idmap.keys()))
.reduce((acc, id) => {
acc.get(id) > idmap.get(id) ? acc.set(id, acc.get(id) - idmap.get(id)) : acc.delete(id);
return acc;
}, this.currentQueue)
this.queue$.next(newMap);
};
has(id) {
return this.queue$.getValue().has(id);
}
asObservable() {
return this.queue$.asObservable();
}
}
class Result {
result$ = new BehaviorSubject({ ids: new Map(), isError: null, value: null });
select(id) {
return this.result$.pipe(
filter(({ ids }) => ids.has(id)),
switchMap(({ isError, value }) => isError ? throwError(value) : of(value.find(x => x.id === id)))
)
}
add({ isError, value, ids }) {
this.result$.next({ ids, isError, value });
}
clear(){
this.result$.next({ ids: new Map(), isError: null, value: null });
}
}
const result = new Result();
const queueToSend = new Queue();
const queuePending = new Queue();
const doRequest = new Subject();
const fetchUser = (id: string) => {
return Observable.create(observer => {
queueToSend.add(id);
doRequest.next();
const subscription = result
.select(id)
.pipe(take(1))
.subscribe(observer);
// cleanup queue after got response or unsubscribe
return () => {
(queueToSend.has(id) ? queueToSend : queuePending).remove(id);
subscription.unsubscribe();
}
})
}
// some kind of worker that take task from queue and send requests
doRequest.asObservable().pipe(
auditTime(1000),
// clear outdated results
tap(()=>result.clear()),
withLatestFrom(queueToSend.asObservable()),
map(([_, queue]) => queue),
filter(ids => !!ids.size),
mergeMap(ids => {
// abort the request if it have no subscribers
const isNothingRemain$ = combineLatest(queueToSend.asObservable(), queuePending.asObservable()).pipe(
map(([queueToSendIds, queuePendingIds]) => Array.from(ids.keys()).some(k => queueToSendIds.has(k) || queuePendingIds.has(k))),
filter(hasSameKey => !hasSameKey)
)
// prevent to request the same ids if previous requst is not complete
queueToSend.removeMap(ids);
queuePending.addMap(ids);
return functionThatSimulateAFetch(Array.from(ids.keys())).pipe(
map(res => ({ isErorr: false, value: res, ids })),
takeUntil(isNothingRemain$),
catchError(error => of({ isError: true, value: error, ids }))
)
}),
).subscribe(res => result.add(res))
fetchUser('1').subscribe(console.log);
const subs = fetchUser('2').subscribe(console.log);
subs.unsubscribe();
fetchUser('3').subscribe(console.log);
setTimeout(() => {
const subs1 = fetchUser('10').subscribe(console.log);
subs1.unsubscribe();
const subs2 = fetchUser('11').subscribe(console.log);
subs2.unsubscribe();
}, 2000)
setTimeout(() => {
const subs1 = fetchUser('20').subscribe(console.log);
subs1.unsubscribe();
const subs21 = fetchUser('20').subscribe(console.log);
const subs22 = fetchUser('20').subscribe(console.log);
}, 4000)
// API_CALL
// ["1", "3"]
// {id: "1", name: "George"}
// {id: "3", name: "George"}
// API_CALL
// ["20"]
// {id: "20", name: "George"}
// {id: "20", name: "George"}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
仅供参考,我尝试使用以下答案创建通用批处理任务队列 @buggy和@picci:
import { Observable, Subject, BehaviorSubject, from, timer } from "rxjs"
import { catchError, share, mergeMap, map, filter, takeUntil, take, bufferTime, timeout, concatMap } from "rxjs/operators"
export interface Task<TInput> {
uid: number
input: TInput
}
interface ErroredTask<TInput> extends Task<TInput> {
error: any
}
interface SucceededTask<TInput, TOutput> extends Task<TInput> {
output: TOutput
}
export type FinishedTask<TInput, TOutput> = ErroredTask<TInput> | SucceededTask<TInput, TOutput>
const taskErrored = <TInput, TOutput>(
taskFinished: FinishedTask<TInput, TOutput>,
): taskFinished is ErroredTask<TInput> => !!(taskFinished as ErroredTask<TInput>).error
type BatchedWorker<TInput, TOutput> = (tasks: Array<Task<TInput>>) => Observable<FinishedTask<TInput, TOutput>>
export const createSimpleBatchedWorker = <TInput, TOutput>(
work: (inputs: TInput[]) => Observable<TOutput[]>,
workTimeout: number,
): BatchedWorker<TInput, TOutput> => (
tasks: Array<Task<TInput>>,
) => work(
tasks.map((task) => task.input),
).pipe(
mergeMap((outputs) => from(tasks.map((task, index) => ({
...task,
output: outputs[index],
})))),
timeout(workTimeout),
catchError((error) => from(tasks.map((task) => ({
...task,
error,
})))),
)
export const createBatchedTaskQueue = <TInput, TOutput>(
worker: BatchedWorker<TInput, TOutput>,
concurrencyLimit: number = 1,
batchTimeout: number = 0,
maxBatchSize: number = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
) => {
const taskSubject = new Subject<Task<TInput>>()
const cancelTaskSubject = new BehaviorSubject<Set<number>>(new Set())
const cancelTask = (task: Task<TInput>) => {
const cancelledUids = cancelTaskSubject.getValue()
const newCancelledUids = new Set(cancelledUids)
newCancelledUids.add(task.uid)
cancelTaskSubject.next(newCancelledUids)
}
const output$: Observable<FinishedTask<TInput, TOutput>> = taskSubject.pipe(
bufferTime(batchTimeout, undefined, maxBatchSize),
map((tasks) => {
const cancelledUids = cancelTaskSubject.getValue()
return tasks.filter((task) => !cancelledUids.has(task.uid))
}),
filter((tasks) => tasks.length > 0),
mergeMap(
(tasks) => worker(tasks).pipe(
takeUntil(cancelTaskSubject.pipe(
filter((uids) => {
for (const task of tasks) {
if (!uids.has(task.uid)) {
return false
}
}
return true
}),
)),
),
undefined,
concurrencyLimit,
),
share(),
)
let nextUid = 0
return (input$: Observable<TInput>): Observable<TOutput> => input$.pipe(
concatMap((input) => new Observable<TOutput>((observer) => {
const task = {
uid: nextUid++,
input,
}
const subscription = output$.pipe(
filter((taskFinished) => taskFinished.uid === task.uid),
take(1),
map((taskFinished) => {
if (taskErrored(taskFinished)) {
throw taskFinished.error
}
return taskFinished.output
}),
).subscribe(observer)
subscription.add(
timer(0).subscribe(() => taskSubject.next(task)),
)
return () => {
subscription.unsubscribe()
cancelTask(task)
}
})),
)
}
以我们的示例为例:
import { from } from "rxjs"
import { map, toArray } from "rxjs/operators"
import { createBatchedTaskQueue, createSimpleBatchedWorker } from "mmr/components/rxjs/batched-task-queue"
const functionThatSimulateAFetch = (userIds: string[]) => from(userIds).pipe(
map((userId) => ({ id: userId, name: "George" })),
toArray(),
)
const userFetchQueue = createBatchedTaskQueue(
createSimpleBatchedWorker(
functionThatSimulateAFetch,
10000,
),
)
const fetchUser = (userId: string) => {
return from(userId).pipe(
userFetchQueue,
)
}
我愿意接受任何改进建议