Question

假设我有一个下面的文本文件，名为file1.txt：

Adam male
John male
Mike male
Sue female

我有以下列表

fullname=['John Smith', 'Sue Hunt']

我希望能够遍历文本文件，并且如果那里有任何匹配项，请用找到的单词修改行，输出应如下所示：

Adam male
John male found
Mike male
Sue female found

所以我得到了这段代码，但是replace函数似乎不正确

f=open(file1.txt,'a')
for line in f:
    for name in fullname:
        firstname,lastname=name.split('--')
        if firstname in line:
            line.replace('\n', 'found\n')

Answer 1

replace函数无法就地运行：

返回所有出现的字符串的副本...

line = line.replace('\n', 'found\n')

Answer 2

尝试：

fullname=['John Smith', 'Sue Hunt']
fname = [i.split()[0] for i in fullname]
res = []
with open(filename) as infile:
    for line in infile:
        if line.split()[0] in fname:
            res.append("{} Found \n".format(line.strip()))
        else:
            res.append(line)

with open(filename, "w") as outfile:
    for line in res:
        outfile.write(line)

Answer 3

这听起来像是正在进行中的工作，所以我将通过创建names和genders的两个字典来准备将来的修改，以便稍后查阅并编写新的输出文件，因此以免破坏源文件。

# python 3.6+
import re

fullname=['John Smith', 'Sue Hunt']
names = { re.split('\W+', line)[0]:re.split('\W+', line)[1] for line in fullname }

with open('file1.txt', 'r') as f:
    file=f.read().splitlines()
genders = { re.split('\W+', line)[0]:re.split('\W+', line)[1] for line in file }

with open('results.txt', 'w') as f:
         for k,v in genders.items():
              if k in names.keys():
                  f.write(f"{k} {v} found \n")
              else:
                  f.write(f"{k} {v} \n")


cat results.txt
Adam male
John male found
Mike male
Sue female found

python匹配字符串并将单词添加到行尾

3 个答案: