为什么创建大于内存的一维数组失败,但是我可以创建大于内存的2D数组?我认为该操作系统可以为您提供虚拟内存,并且您可以根据需要进行请求。直到您开始读取和写入内存,并且硬件约束成为问题后,它才成为驻留集的一部分。
在内存为512MB
的小型VM上,我尝试过:
1, 512 MB array: no issue
1, 768 MB array: no issue
1, 879 MB array: no issue
1, 880 MB array: fails
1, 1024 MB array: fails
1000, 512MB arrays no issue (at this point
I've allocated 256GB of virtual memory,
well exceeding the physical limits)
在具有8GB
内存的大型VM上,以上所有方法均有效。
在此实验中,我使用了以下代码:
#include <stdio.h> /* printf */
#include <stdlib.h> /* atoi */
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[],char **envp) {
if(argc < 3) {
printf("main <mb> <times>\n");
return -1;
}
int megabytes = atoi(argv[1]);
int times = atoi(argv[1]);
// megabytes 1024 kilobytes 1024 bytes 1 integer
// -------- * --------- * ---------- * --------
// megabyte kilobyte 4 bytes
int sizeOfArray = megabytes*1024*1024/sizeof(int);
long long bytes = megabytes*1024*1024;
printf("grabbing memory :%dmb, arrayEntrySize:%d, times:%d bytes:%lld\n",
megabytes, sizeOfArray, times, bytes);
int ** array = new int*[times];
for( int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
array[i] = new int[sizeOfArray];
}
while(true) {
// 1 second to microseconds
usleep(1*1000000);
}
for( int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
delete [] array[i];
}
delete [] array;
}
在小型512MB
VM上进行实验的命令和输出:
free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 488M 66M 17M 5.6M 404M 381M
Swap: 511M 72K 511M
./a.out 512 1
grabbing memory :512mb, arrayEntrySize:134217728, times:512 bytes:536870912
./a.out 768 1
grabbing memory :768mb, arrayEntrySize:201326592, times:768 bytes:805306368
./a.out 1024 1
grabbing memory :1024mb, arrayEntrySize:268435456, times:1024 bytes:1073741824
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what(): std::bad_alloc
Aborted (core dumped)
./a.out 512 1000
grabbing memory :512mb, arrayEntrySize:134217728, times:512 bytes:536870912
#htop
PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command
2768 root 20 0 256G 4912 2764 S 0.0 1.0 0:00.00 ./a.out 512 1000
大型8GB
VM上的实验命令和输出:
free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.8G 78M 7.6G 8.8M 159M 7.5G
Swap: 511M 0B 511M
./a.out 512 1
grabbing memory :512mb, arrayEntrySize:134217728, times:512 bytes:536870912
./a.out 768 1
grabbing memory :768mb, arrayEntrySize:201326592, times:768 bytes:805306368
./a.out 1024 1
grabbing memory :1024mb, arrayEntrySize:268435456, times:1024 bytes:1073741824
./a.out 512 1000
grabbing memory :512mb, arrayEntrySize:134217728, times:512 bytes:536870912
# htop
PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command
1292 root 20 0 256G 6920 2720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 ./a.out 512 1000
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这是由于事实,根据您的要求,将大块内存分配成块。
您要的是2D数组中相对较小的块的序列,每个块不一定彼此相邻。
然而,一维阵列非常庞大,需要一个完整尺寸的连续光内存块,即使您有很多可用的内存,也可能没有该大小的块可用。