如何设计从Rectangle类继承的Square类

时间:2018-07-18 09:44:59

标签: java inheritance abstract-class

因此,我正在尝试为我的其中一篇教程编写一些代码。输入和预期输出是这样的:

> Square s = new Square(5);
> s.toString();
< Square with area 25.00 and perimeter 20.00

以下是我的代码:

abstract class Shape {
    protected String shapeName;

    public abstract double getArea();
    public abstract double getPerimeter();

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return shapeName + " with area " + String.format("%.2f", getArea()) +
            " and perimeter " + String.format("%.2f", getPerimeter());
    }
}

class Rectangle extends Shape {
    protected double width;
    protected double height;

    public Rectangle(double width) {
        this.shapeName = "Rectangle";
        this.width = this.height = width;
    }

    public Rectangle(double width, double height) {
        this.shapeName = "Rectangle";
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double getArea() {
        return width * height;
    }

    public double getPerimeter() {
        return 2 * (width + height);
    }
}

class Square extends Rectangle {

    public Square(double side) {
        this.shapeName = "Square";
        this.width = this.height = side;
    }
}

问题是当我尝试编译它时,发生此错误:

error: no suitable constructor found for Rectangle(no arguments)
    public Square(double side) {
                               ^
    constructor Rectangle.Rectangle(double) is not applicable
      (actual and formal argument lists differ in length)
    constructor Rectangle.Rectangle(double,double) is not applicable
      (actual and formal argument lists differ in length)

在这种情况下,我不确定继承如何工作。如何修改代码,使输入返回正确的输出?我认为错误仅在于Square类,否则代码将编译。

谢谢。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

从设计角度来说,我觉得矩形的构造函数Rectance(double width)是不自然的,因此将其删除。 Square的构造函数应如下所示:

 public Square(double side) {
        super(side,side);   // width == height
        this.shapeName = "Square";
 }

要进一步阐明继承,您还可以将this.shapeName= "Rectangle";行替换为this.shapeName= getClass().getSimpleName();,并从this.shapeName = "Square";的构造函数中删除Square

答案 1 :(得分:1)

只是为了澄清错误消息:

error: no suitable constructor found for Rectangle(no arguments)
    public Square(double side) {
                               ^
    constructor Rectangle.Rectangle(double) is not applicable
      (actual and formal argument lists differ in length)
    constructor Rectangle.Rectangle(double,double) is not applicable
      (actual and formal argument lists differ in length)

任何子类的构造函数(例如Square)都必须调用其父类(Rectangle)的构造函数,因为还必须构造父部分。 如果程序员没有提供此构造函数,即未显式调用(例如在问题代码中),则编译器将自动插入对父级的无参数构造函数的调用(例如在public Square(...) { super(); ... }中)

在这个问题上,由于父(Rectangle)没有这样的构造函数,编译器会发送错误。因此,必须在代码中显式调用父类的构造函数,例如in(如已回答):

public Square(double side) {
    super(side,side);   // width == height
    ...

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您必须在继承类中显式调用super构造函数。 而且,如果您想将@runec的答案考虑在内(是的,我赞成,因为它很不错),您可能想从{{1} },并使Rectangle处理具有4个相等边的矩形。

Square

这里的public class Rectangle extends Shape { protected double width; protected double height; public Rectangle(double width, double height) { this.shapeName = "Rectangle"; this.width = width; this.height = height; } public double getArea() { return width * height; } public double getPerimeter() { return 2 * (width + height); } } 仅包含一个Square参数:

double
  

此答案仅用于显示完整的代码,完整的想法来自@runec。