我认为我可能对函数中的嵌套规范的正确顺序有疑问-特别是s/with-gen和s/or ...
我具有此功能和规范：
(defn set-gift-pair-in-gift-history [g-hist g-year g-pair]
(if (nil? g-hist)
[{:giver :none, :givee :none}]
(assoc g-hist g-year g-pair)))
(s/fdef set-gift-pair-in-gift-history
:args (s/with-gen
(s/or :input-hist (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %))))
:input-nil (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist nil?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))))
#(gen/let [hist (s/gen :unq/gift-history)
year (gen/large-integer* {:min 0 :max (max 0 (dec (count hist)))})
pair (s/gen :unq/gift-pair)]
[hist year pair]))
:ret :unq/gift-history)
哪些测试正确：
(stest/check `set-gift-pair-in-gift-history)
=>
({:spec #object[clojure.spec.alpha$fspec_impl$reify__2451
0x729d93b6
"clojure.spec.alpha$fspec_impl$reify__2451@729d93b6"],
:clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result true,
:num-tests 1000,
:seed 1531413555637},
:sym clojure-redpoint.roster/set-gift-pair-in-gift-history})
其参数正确符合：
(s/conform (s/or :input-hist (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %))))
:input-nil (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist nil?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))))
[[{:giver :GeoHar, :givee :JohLen}] 0 {:giver :RinStaXX, :givee :PauMccXX}])
=>
[:input-hist
{:g-hist [{:giver :GeoHar, :givee :JohLen}],
:g-year 0,
:g-pair {:giver :RinStaXX, :givee :PauMccXX}}]
(s/conform (s/or :input-hist (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %))))
:input-nil (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist nil?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))))
[nil 0 {:giver :RinStaXX, :givee :PauMccXX}])
=>
[:input-nil
{:g-hist nil, :g-year 0, :g-pair {:giver :RinStaXX, :givee :PauMccXX}}]
但是当此“正确”功能被第二个功能消耗时：
(defn set-gift-pair-in-roster [plrs-map plr-sym g-year g-pair]
(let [plr (get-player-in-roster plrs-map plr-sym)
gh (get-gift-history-in-player plr)
ngh (set-gift-pair-in-gift-history gh g-year g-pair)
nplr (set-gift-history-in-player ngh plr)]
(assoc plrs-map plr-sym nplr)))
(s/fdef set-gift-pair-in-roster
:args (s/cat :plrs-map ::plr-map
:plr-sym keyword?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
:ret ::plr-map)
消费函数成为消费函数的错误源（nil情况-我认为已经处理过）：
(stest/check `set-gift-pair-in-roster)
=>
({:spec #object[clojure.spec.alpha$fspec_impl$reify__2451
0x3bbc704a
"clojure.spec.alpha$fspec_impl$reify__2451@3bbc704a"],
:clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result #error{:cause "Call to #'clojure-redpoint.roster/set-gift-pair-in-gift-history did not conform to spec:
In: [0] val: nil fails spec: :unq/gift-history at: [:args :input-hist :g-hist] predicate: vector?
val: {:g-hist nil, :g-year 1, :g-pair {:givee :_+, :giver :RJK/Y24}} fails at: [:args :input-nil] predicate: (<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))
我尝试更改使用功能中规格的顺序和分组（嵌套）-但随后它甚至无法测试使用功能，但未能通过它过去通过的测试。
对这里出什么问题有任何想法吗？
谢谢！
编辑：
如所建议的，以下是完整的代码，可以使您更好地理解：
;Here is an example of The Beatles keeping track of the Xmas gifts
;they give to each other (:giver and :givee) each year over time:
(ns clojure-redpoint.roster2
(:require [clojure.spec.alpha :as s]
[orchestra.spec.test :as st]
[clojure.test.check.generators :as gen]
[clojure.spec.test.alpha :as stest]))
(s/def ::givee keyword?)
(s/def ::giver keyword?)
(s/def :unq/gift-pair (s/keys :req-un [::givee ::giver]))
(s/def ::name string?)
(s/def :unq/gift-history (s/coll-of :unq/gift-pair :kind vector?))
(s/def :unq/player (s/keys :req-un [::name :unq/gift-history]))
(s/def ::plr-map (s/map-of keyword? :unq/player))
(defn- get-player-in-roster [plrs-map plr-sym]
(get plrs-map plr-sym))
(s/fdef get-player-in-roster
:args (s/cat :plrs-map ::plr-map :plr-sym keyword?)
:ret (s/or :found :unq/player
:not-found nil?))
(defn- get-gift-history-in-player [plr]
(get plr :gift-history))
(s/fdef get-gift-history-in-player
:args (s/or :input-plr (s/cat :plr :unq/player)
:input-nil (s/cat :plr nil?))
:ret (s/or :found :unq/gift-history
:not-found nil?))
(defn set-gift-pair-in-gift-history [g-hist g-year g-pair]
(if (nil? g-hist)
[{:giver :none, :givee :none}]
(assoc g-hist g-year g-pair)))
(s/fdef set-gift-pair-in-gift-history
:args (s/with-gen
(s/or :input-hist (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %))))
:input-nil (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist nil?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))))
#(gen/let [hist (s/gen :unq/gift-history)
year (gen/large-integer* {:min 0 :max (max 0 (dec (count hist)))})
pair (s/gen :unq/gift-pair)]
[hist year pair]))
:ret :unq/gift-history)
(defn set-gift-history-in-player [g-hist plr]
(if (or (nil? g-hist) (nil? plr))
{:name "none", :gift-history [{:giver :none, :givee :none}]}
(assoc plr :gift-history g-hist)))
(s/fdef set-gift-history-in-player
:args (s/or :input-good (s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:plr :unq/player)
:input-hist-nil (s/cat :g-hist nil?
:plr :unq/player)
:input-plr-nil (s/cat :g-hist :unq/gift-history
:plr nil?)
:input-both-nil (s/cat :g-hist nil?
:plr nil?))
:ret :unq/player)
(defn set-gift-pair-in-roster [plrs-map plr-sym g-year g-pair]
(let [plr (get-player-in-roster plrs-map plr-sym)
gh (get-gift-history-in-player plr)
ngh (set-gift-pair-in-gift-history gh g-year g-pair)
nplr (set-gift-history-in-player ngh plr)]
(assoc plrs-map plr-sym nplr)))
(s/fdef set-gift-pair-in-roster
:args (s/cat :plrs-map ::plr-map
:plr-sym keyword?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
:ret ::plr-map)
(st/instrument)
(def roster-map
{:RinSta {:name "Ringo Starr", :gift-history [{:giver :RinSta, :givee :PauMcc}]},
:JohLen {:name "John Lennon", :gift-history [{:giver :JohLen, :givee :GeoHar}]},
:GeoHar {:name "George Harrison", :gift-history [{:giver :GeoHar, :givee :JohLen}]},
:PauMcc {:name "Paul McCartney", :gift-history [{:giver :PauMcc, :givee :RinSta}]}})
(s/conform ::plr-map
(set-gift-pair-in-roster roster-map :PauMcc 0 {:giver :JohLenXXX, :givee :GeoHarXXX}))
;=>
;{:RinSta {:name "Ringo Starr", :gift-history [{:giver :GeoHar, :givee :JohLen}]},
; :JohLen {:name "John Lennon", :gift-history [{:giver :RinSta, :givee :PauMcc}]},
; :GeoHar {:name "George Harrison",
; :gift-history [{:giver :PauMcc, :givee :RinSta}]},
; :PauMcc {:name "Paul McCartney",
; :gift-history [{:giver :JohLenXXX, :givee :GeoHarXXX}]}}
;(stest/check `set-gift-pair-in-roster)
不幸的是，它没有帮助我发现我的错误...
答案 0 :(得分：2)
问题是，当您set-gift-pair-in-gift-history时，使用无效参数调用了您所检测的函数(stest/check `set-gift-pair-in-roster)：
CompilerException clojure.lang.ExceptionInfo: Call to #'playground.so/set-gift-pair-in-gift-history did not conform to spec:
In: [0] val: nil fails spec: :unq/gift-history at: [:args :input-hist :g-hist] predicate: vector?
val: {:g-hist nil, :g-year 1, :g-pair {:givee :A, :giver :A}} fails at: [:args :input-nil] predicate: (<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))
check输出为我们提供了最少的输入来重现错误：
(set-gift-pair-in-roster {} :A 1 {:givee :A, :giver :A})
我们可以看到失败函数的第一个参数为nil。查看set-gift-pair-in-gift-history的功能规范，有一个可疑的规范涵盖了这种情况：
:input-nil (s/and
(s/cat :g-hist nil?
:g-year (s/and int? #(> % -1))
:g-pair :unq/gift-pair)
#(<= (:g-year %) (count (:g-hist %)))))
这仅在g-hist为零且g-year为0时才符合，但是:g-year的生成器将生成除0之外的许多数字。这就是为什么instrument编辑后对其调用失败的原因。
instrument和check在指定的行为方式与实际行为之间显示出差异。我将首先考虑如何在第一个参数为nil时指定set-gift-pair-in-gift-history。当第一个arg为nil时，该实现不关心其他参数，因此您可以调整函数规格以反映这一点：
:input-nil (s/cat :g-hist nil? :g-year any? :g-pair any?)
进行此更改后，您的顶级功能应成功check。