我创建了一个新的Django项目，我做的第一件事就是在Django docs的帮助下创建一个自定义用户：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/auth/customizing/
在我为自定义用户编写了所有代码之后，在我第一次在这个Django项目中执行 makemigrations 和 migrate 之后，我尝试创建一个超级用户而我的虚拟环境是活跃的，写作：
python manage.py createsuperuser
但它给了我这个错误：
TypeError：hasattr（）：属性名必须是字符串
我在名为帐户的应用中编写了所有自定义用户代码。
在设置文件中，我添加了＆＃39;帐户＆＃39;到INSTALLED_APPS列表，并添加到这一行的底部：
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.CustomUser'
这是我的所有源代码，从models.py开始：
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager, PermissionsMixin
class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None):
if not email:
raise ValueError("Users must have an email address")
if not password:
raise ValueError("Users must have a password")
user = self.model(
email = self.normalize_email(email)
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_staffuser(self, email, password, first_name, last_name):
if not first_name:
raise ValueError("Staff and superusers must have a first name")
if not last_name:
raise ValueError("Staff and superusers must have a last name")
user = self.create_user(
email,
password=password
)
user.first_name = first_name
user.last_name = last_name
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, password, first_name, last_name):
user = self.create_staffuser(
email,
password=password,
first_name=first_name,
last_name=last_name
)
user.is_admin = True
user.is_superuser = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class CustomUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
email = models.EmailField(null=True, max_length=80, unique=True)
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=25, blank=True, null=True)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=25, blank=True, null=True)
date_joined = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [first_name, last_name]
objects = CustomUserManager()
def __str__(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name():
return first_name
def get_full_name():
return first_name + ' ' + last_name
然后我在forms.py中写了这个：
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
from .models import CustomUser
class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
fields, plus a repeated password."""
password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = CustomUser
fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')
def clean_password2(self):
# Check that the two password entries match
password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
return password2
def save(self, commit=True):
# Save the provided password in hashed format
user = super().save(commit=False)
user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
if commit:
user.save()
return user
class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
password hash display field.
"""
password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
class Meta:
model = CustomUser
fields = ('email', 'password', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
def clean_password(self):
# Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
# This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
# field does not have access to the initial value
return self.initial["password"]
在admin.py中：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from .models import CustomUser
from .forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm
class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
# The forms to add and change user instances
form = UserChangeForm
add_form = UserCreationForm
# The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
# These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
# that reference specific fields on auth.User.
list_display = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_admin')
list_filter = ('is_admin',)
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
('Personal info', {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name',)}),
('Meta', {'fields': ('date_joined', 'last_login', 'is_active',)}),
('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin', 'is_staff',)}),
)
# add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
# overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name' 'password1', 'password2')}
),
)
search_fields = ('email', 'first_name')
ordering = ('email',)
filter_horizontal = ()
admin.site.register(CustomUser, UserAdmin)
这是整个错误追溯：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/home/howdidthishappen/Projects/project-root/project_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/howdidthishappen/Projects/project-root/project_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/howdidthishappen/Projects/project-root/project_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 282, in run_from_argv
options = parser.parse_args(argv[2:])
File "/home/howdidthishappen/Projects/project-root/project_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 54, in parse_args
return super().parse_args(args, namespace)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/argparse.py", line 1739, in parse_args
args, argv = self.parse_known_args(args, namespace)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/argparse.py", line 1760, in parse_known_args
if not hasattr(namespace, action.dest):
TypeError: hasattr(): attribute name must be string
答案 0 :(得分：1)
此行不正确：
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [first_name, last_name]
应该是：
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['first_name', 'last_name']
这就是为什么我遇到TypeError时说“属性名称必须是字符串”的原因。