这是一篇自我回答的帖子。常见问题是在给定的开始日期和结束日期之间随机生成日期。
有两种情况需要考虑:
例如,假设某个开始日期2015-01-01
和结束日期2018-01-01
,如何使用pandas在此范围之间对N个随机日期进行抽样?
答案 0 :(得分:23)
转换为unix时间戳是否可接受?
def random_dates(start, end, n=10):
start_u = start.value//10**9
end_u = end.value//10**9
return pd.to_datetime(np.random.randint(start_u, end_u, n), unit='s')
示例运行:
start = pd.to_datetime('2015-01-01')
end = pd.to_datetime('2018-01-01')
random_dates(start, end)
DatetimeIndex(['2016-10-08 07:34:13', '2015-11-15 06:12:48',
'2015-01-24 10:11:04', '2015-03-26 16:23:53',
'2017-04-01 00:38:21', '2015-05-15 03:47:54',
'2015-06-24 07:32:32', '2015-11-10 20:39:36',
'2016-07-25 05:48:09', '2015-03-19 16:05:19'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
修改强>
根据@smci的评论,我写了一个函数来容纳1和2,并在函数内部进行了一些解释。
def random_datetimes_or_dates(start, end, out_format='datetime', n=10):
'''
unix timestamp is in ns by default.
I divide the unix time value by 10**9 to make it seconds (or 24*60*60*10**9 to make it days).
The corresponding unit variable is passed to the pd.to_datetime function.
Values for the (divide_by, unit) pair to select is defined by the out_format parameter.
for 1 -> out_format='datetime'
for 2 -> out_format=anything else
'''
(divide_by, unit) = (10**9, 's') if out_format=='datetime' else (24*60*60*10**9, 'D')
start_u = start.value//divide_by
end_u = end.value//divide_by
return pd.to_datetime(np.random.randint(start_u, end_u, n), unit=unit)
示例运行:
random_datetimes_or_dates(start, end, out_format='datetime')
DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-30 05:14:27', '2016-10-18 21:17:16',
'2016-10-20 08:38:02', '2015-09-02 00:03:08',
'2015-06-04 02:38:12', '2016-02-19 05:22:01',
'2015-11-06 10:37:10', '2017-12-17 03:26:02',
'2017-11-20 06:51:32', '2016-01-02 02:48:03'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
random_datetimes_or_dates(start, end, out_format='not datetime')
DatetimeIndex(['2017-05-10', '2017-12-31', '2017-11-10', '2015-05-02',
'2016-04-11', '2015-11-27', '2015-03-29', '2017-05-21',
'2015-05-11', '2017-02-08'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
答案 1 :(得分:11)
np.random.randn
+ to_timedelta
这解决了案例(1)。您可以通过生成timedelta
个对象的随机数组并将其添加到start
日期来实现此目的。
def random_dates(start, end, n, unit='D', seed=None):
if not seed: # from piR's answer
np.random.seed(0)
ndays = (end - start).days + 1
return pd.to_timedelta(np.random.rand(n) * ndays, unit=unit) + start
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> start = pd.to_datetime('2015-01-01')
>>> end = pd.to_datetime('2018-01-01')
>>> random_dates(start, end, 10)
DatetimeIndex([ '2016-08-25 01:09:42.969600',
'2017-02-23 13:30:20.304000',
'2016-10-23 05:33:15.033600',
'2016-08-20 17:41:04.012799999',
'2016-04-09 17:59:00.815999999',
'2016-12-09 13:06:00.748800',
'2016-04-25 00:47:45.974400',
'2017-09-05 06:35:58.444800',
'2017-11-23 03:18:47.347200',
'2016-02-25 15:14:53.894400'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
这将生成带有时间组件的日期。
可悲的是,rand
不支持replace=False
,因此如果您想要唯一日期,则需要一个两步过程:1)生成非唯一日期组件,并且2)生成唯一的秒/毫秒组件,然后将两者组合在一起。
np.random.randint
+ to_timedelta
这解决了案例(2)。您可以修改上面的random_dates
来生成随机整数而不是随机浮点数:
def random_dates2(start, end, n, unit='D', seed=None):
if not seed: # from piR's answer
np.random.seed(0)
ndays = (end - start).days + 1
return start + pd.to_timedelta(
np.random.randint(0, ndays, n), unit=unit
)
>>> random_dates2(start, end, 10)
DatetimeIndex(['2016-11-15', '2016-07-13', '2017-04-15', '2017-02-02',
'2017-10-30', '2015-10-05', '2016-08-22', '2017-12-30',
'2016-08-23', '2015-11-11'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
要生成其他频率的日期,可以使用unit
的不同值调用上述函数。此外,您可以添加参数freq
并根据需要调整函数调用。
如果您想要唯一随机日期,可以将np.random.choice
与replace=False
一起使用:
def random_dates2_unique(start, end, n, unit='D', seed=None):
if not seed: # from piR's answer
np.random.seed(0)
ndays = (end - start).days + 1
return start + pd.to_timedelta(
np.random.choice(ndays, n, replace=False), unit=unit
)
仅对基于Case(1)的方法进行基准测试,因为Case(2)实际上是一种特殊情况,任何方法都可以使用dt.floor
。
def cs(start, end, n):
ndays = (end - start).days + 1
return pd.to_timedelta(np.random.rand(n) * ndays, unit='D') + start
def akilat90(start, end, n):
start_u = start.value//10**9
end_u = end.value//10**9
return pd.to_datetime(np.random.randint(start_u, end_u, n), unit='s')
def piR(start, end, n):
dr = pd.date_range(start, end, freq='H') # can't get better than this :-(
return pd.to_datetime(np.sort(np.random.choice(dr, n, replace=False)))
def piR2(start, end, n):
dr = pd.date_range(start, end, freq='H')
a = np.arange(len(dr))
b = np.sort(np.random.permutation(a)[:n])
return dr[b]
基准代码
from timeit import timeit
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
res = pd.DataFrame(
index=['cs', 'akilat90', 'piR', 'piR2'],
columns=[10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000],
dtype=float
)
for f in res.index:
for c in res.columns:
np.random.seed(0)
start = pd.to_datetime('2015-01-01')
end = pd.to_datetime('2018-01-01')
stmt = '{}(start, end, c)'.format(f)
setp = 'from __main__ import start, end, c, {}'.format(f)
res.at[f, c] = timeit(stmt, setp, number=30)
ax = res.div(res.min()).T.plot(loglog=True)
ax.set_xlabel("N");
ax.set_ylabel("time (relative)");
plt.show()
答案 2 :(得分:9)
我们可以通过使用datetime64
只是一个重新命名int64
的事实来加速@ akilat90的双重方法(在@ coldspeed' s基准测试中),因此我们可以查看 - 投:
def pp(start, end, n):
start_u = start.value//10**9
end_u = end.value//10**9
return pd.DatetimeIndex((10**9*np.random.randint(start_u, end_u, n)).view('M8[ns]'))
答案 3 :(得分:6)
numpy.random.choice
您可以利用Numpy的随机选择。 choice
可能比大型data_ranges
更有问题。例如,太大会导致MemoryError。它需要存储整个内容以便选择随机位。
random_dates('2015-01-01', '2018-01-01', 10, 'ns', seed=[3, 1415])
MemoryError
此外,这需要排序。
def random_dates(start, end, n, freq, seed=None):
if seed is not None:
np.random.seed(seed)
dr = pd.date_range(start, end, freq=freq)
return pd.to_datetime(np.sort(np.random.choice(dr, n, replace=False)))
random_dates('2015-01-01', '2018-01-01', 10, 'H', seed=[3, 1415])
DatetimeIndex(['2015-04-24 02:00:00', '2015-11-26 23:00:00',
'2016-01-18 00:00:00', '2016-06-27 22:00:00',
'2016-08-12 17:00:00', '2016-10-21 11:00:00',
'2016-11-07 11:00:00', '2016-12-09 23:00:00',
'2017-02-20 01:00:00', '2017-06-17 18:00:00'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
numpy.random.permutation
与其他答案类似。但是,我喜欢这个答案,因为它会对datetimeindex
生成的date_range
进行切片并自动返回另一个datetimeindex
。
def random_dates_2(start, end, n, freq, seed=None):
if seed is not None:
np.random.seed(seed)
dr = pd.date_range(start, end, freq=freq)
a = np.arange(len(dr))
b = np.sort(np.random.permutation(a)[:n])
return dr[b]
答案 4 :(得分:2)
我发现一个新的基础库生成了日期的范围,看起来比我pandas.data_range
快一点,相信answer
from dateutil.rrule import rrule, DAILY
import datetime, random
def pick(start,end,n):
return (random.sample(list(rrule(DAILY, dtstart=start,until=end)),n))
pick(datetime.datetime(2010, 2, 1, 0, 0),datetime.datetime(2010, 2, 5, 0, 0),2)
[datetime.datetime(2010, 2, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2010, 2, 2, 0, 0)]
答案 5 :(得分:1)
只需我的两分钱,使用date_range和sample:
def random_dates(start, end, n, seed=1, replace=False):
dates = pd.date_range(start, end).to_series()
return dates.sample(n, replace=replace, random_state=seed)
random_dates("20170101","20171223", 10, seed=1)
Out[29]:
2017-10-01 2017-10-01
2017-08-23 2017-08-23
2017-11-30 2017-11-30
2017-06-15 2017-06-15
2017-11-18 2017-11-18
2017-10-31 2017-10-31
2017-07-31 2017-07-31
2017-03-07 2017-03-07
2017-09-09 2017-09-09
2017-10-15 2017-10-15
dtype: datetime64[ns]
答案 6 :(得分:0)
我认为这是仅在熊猫DateFrame中创建日期字段的简单解决方案
list1 = []
for x in range(0,365):
list1.append(x)
date = pd.DataFrame(pd.to_datetime(list1, unit='D',origin=pd.Timestamp('2018-01-01')))