我需要以下列方式在列表中的dicts之间建立联合：
当前：[{A}，{B}，{C}，{D}，...]
预期：[{A，B}，{A，C}，{A，D}，...]
我有以下代码：
import xlsxwriter
word='Chain'
def create_chain(chain_segment):
chains=[]
chain_lines = [line for line in chain_segment.split('\n') if line]
for line in chain_lines:
chain={}
if word in line:
chain['type'] = line.split()[1]
elif line[0].isdigit():
chain['num']=line[0]
chain['pkts']=line.split()[1]
chain['bytes']=line.split()[2]
chain['target']=line.split()[3]
chain['prot']=line.split()[4]
chain['opt']=line.split()[5]
chain['in']=line.split()[6]
chain['out']=line.split()[7]
chain['source']=line.split()[8]
chain['destination']=line.split()[9]
chains.append(chain)
chains=filter(None, chains)
return chains
with open('/media/sf_vboxshared/iptables-list.log') as f:
log_content = f.read()
host_sections = [host for host in log_content.split('---') if host]
hosts = {}
for host in host_sections:
hostname, chains_segment = host.split('\n', 1)
hostname = hostname.strip()
chains=[]
for segment in chains_segment.split('\n\n'):
chains.extend(create_chain(segment))
chains=filter(None,chains)
hosts[hostname] = chains
workbook=xlsxwriter.Workbook('/media/sf_vboxshared/iptables-1st.xlsx')
worksheet1=workbook.add_worksheet('Sheet1')
worksheet1.write(0,0,'hostname')
worksheet1.write(0,1,'chain')
worksheet1.write(0,2,'num')
worksheet1.write(0,3,'pkts')
worksheet1.write(0,4,'bytes')
worksheet1.write(0,5,'target')
worksheet1.write(0,6,'prot')
worksheet1.write(0,7,'opt')
worksheet1.write(0,8,'in')
worksheet1.write(0,9,'out')
worksheet1.write(0,10,'source')
worksheet1.write(0,11,'destination')
row = 1
for host, chains in hosts.items():
for chain in chains:
worksheet1.write(row, 1, chain.get('type'))
worksheet1.write(row, 0, host)
worksheet1.write(row, 2, chain.get('num'))
worksheet1.write(row, 3, chain.get('pkts'))
worksheet1.write(row, 4, chain.get('bytes'))
worksheet1.write(row, 5, chain.get('target'))
worksheet1.write(row, 6, chain.get('prot'))
worksheet1.write(row, 7, chain.get('opt'))
worksheet1.write(row, 8, chain.get('in'))
worksheet1.write(row, 9, chain.get('out'))
worksheet1.write(row, 10, chain.get('source'))
worksheet1.write(row, 11, chain.get('destination'))
row += 1
workbook.close()
目前，代码输出的一小部分是：
[{'type': 'INPUT'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '281M', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '229K', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '1560', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '2', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '26', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '1560', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '3', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '26', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '3120', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '4', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '52', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '929K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '5', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '15480', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'icmp', 'bytes': '1510K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '6', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '15415', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '7', 'in': 'lo', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'REJECT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '4875K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '8', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '65200', 'out': '*'}]
[{'type': 'FORWARD'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'REJECT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '2', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}]
[{'type': 'OUTPUT'}, {'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '45M', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '334K', 'out': '*'}]
预期产出：
[{'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '281M', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '229K', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '1560', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '2', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '26', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '1560', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '3', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '26', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '10.243.0.43', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '3120', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '4', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '52', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'tcp', 'bytes': '929K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '5', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '15480', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'icmp', 'bytes': '1510K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '6', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '15415', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '7', 'in': 'lo', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'INPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'REJECT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '4875K', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '8', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '65200', 'out': '*'}]
[{'type': 'FORWARD', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}, {'type': 'FORWARD', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'REJECT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '0', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '2', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '0', 'out': '*'}]
[{'type': 'OUTPUT', 'opt': '--', 'destination': '0.0.0.0/0', 'target': 'ACCEPT', 'prot': 'all', 'bytes': '45M', 'source': '0.0.0.0/0', 'num': '1', 'in': '*', 'pkts': '334K', 'out': '*'}]
这里也是iptables-list.log：
---node1
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 1 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:123
2 25 16K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123
3 7 28 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53
4 58 39K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53
5 81K 25M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 398 packets, 23K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 2K 3M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node2
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:123
2 62 4K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123
3 6 214 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53
4 58 30K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 34 packets, 18K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 27K 3M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node3
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 32 4K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:993
2 10 24K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
3 36 59K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 57 packets, 3K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 1K 3M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node4
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 9K 8M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 1 78 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW
4 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 52K 1M REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1K packets, 1M bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 1K 3M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node5
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 2M 2G ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 21 13K ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW
5 2 50 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 72778 packets, 5392K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 9M 3G ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node6
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 8K 8M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 1 93 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW
3 1 60 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 44 20 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 59 29 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8 packets, 42K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 1M 7M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
---node7
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 19K 21M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 26 10 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 10.243.0.43 tcp dpt:4000 ctstate NEW
8 60 45K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11 packets, 60K bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 3K 41M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
有没有办法实现这个目标？
非常感谢， 罗曼
答案 0 :(得分：2)
这是使用列表理解的一种方法。注意**语法需要Python 3.6。
lst = [{'A': 1}, {'B': 2}, {'C': 3}, {'D': 4}]
res = [{**lst[0], **i} for i in lst[1:]]
[{'A': 1, 'B': 2}, {'A': 1, 'C': 3}, {'A': 1, 'D': 4}]
在Python 2.7中，您可以定义一个函数来执行合并：
def merge_dicts(x, y):
z = x.copy()
z.update(y)
return z
res = [merge_dicts(lst[0], i) for i in lst[1:]]