如何为通用类型Vec<T>
的矢量实现以下特征?
例如,如何以通用方式实现以下(工作)Difference
特征(例如,使其对Vec<i32>
,Vec<f32>
,Vec<f64>
有效?
trait Difference {
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<f64>;
}
impl Difference for Vec<f64> {
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<f64> {
self.windows(2)
.map(|slice| (slice[0] - slice[1]))
.collect()
}
}
fn main() {
let vector = vec![1.025_f64, 1.028, 1.03, 1.05, 1.051];
println!("{:?}", vector.diff());
}
从查看at the documentation开始,它似乎应该是:
trait Difference<Vec<T>> {
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<T>;
}
impl Difference for Vec<T> {
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<T> {
self.windows(2)
.map(|slice| (slice[0] - slice[1]))
.collect()
}
}
fn main() {
let vector = vec![1.025_f64, 1.028, 1.03, 1.05, 1.051];
println!("{:?}", vector.diff());
}
然而,上述结果如下:
error: expected one of `,`, `:`, `=`, or `>`, found `<`
--> src/main.rs:2:21
|
2 | trait Difference<Vec<T>> {
| ^ expected one of `,`, `:`, `=`, or `>` here
我尝试过其他一些变体,但所有这些变体都会导致更长的错误消息。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
正确的语法是:
trait Difference<T> { /* ... */ }
impl<T> Difference<T> for Vec<T> { /* ... */ }
然后你需要T
实现减法:
error[E0369]: binary operation `-` cannot be applied to type `T`
--> src/main.rs:9:26
|
9 | .map(|slice| (slice[0] - slice[1]))
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
= note: `T` might need a bound for `std::ops::Sub`
您可以复制值:
error[E0508]: cannot move out of type `[T]`, a non-copy slice
--> src/main.rs:10:27
|
10 | .map(|slice| (slice[0] - slice[1]))
| ^^^^^^^^ cannot move out of here
impl<T> Difference<T> for Vec<T>
where
T: std::ops::Sub<Output = T> + Copy,
{
// ...
}
或者可以减去对T
的引用:
impl<T> Difference<T> for Vec<T>
where
for<'a> &'a T: std::ops::Sub<Output = T>,
{
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<T> {
self.windows(2)
.map(|slice| &slice[0] - &slice[1])
.collect()
}
}
另见:
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您需要对T
而不是Vec<T>
进行参数设置。然后你还需要约束T
,这样你就可以进行减法(使用Sub
特征),这样就可以将值复制到内存中(使用Copy
特征)。数字类型将主要实现这些特征。
use std::ops::Sub;
trait Difference<T> {
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<T>;
}
impl<T> Difference<T> for Vec<T>
where
T: Sub<Output = T> + Copy,
{
fn diff(&self) -> Vec<T> {
self.windows(2).map(|slice| slice[0] - slice[1]).collect()
}
}
fn main() {
let vector = vec![1.025_f64, 1.028, 1.03, 1.05, 1.051];
println!("{:?}", vector.diff());
}