转换＆＃34;人类可读＆＃34; Excel表格在R中更正一个（在多列上展开1列名称）？

时间：2018-05-16 18:39:35

标签： r excel

我有一个大的.xlsx数据集，记录了一年中多个日期的花椰菜，西兰花和其他一些物种的密度，覆盖率和高度。

数据是在Excel中创建的，因此它很好地构建了人眼＆＃34;。 列表示绘图（Plot，Frame，PlotCrop）和蔬菜特征（Cauliflower，Brocolli＆amp; Unknown），行是字段中的单个子图。

但是：每个素食都有3个特征（密度，封面，高度），但只有一个列名！

enter image description here

我的问题是，如何在R？

中有效地阅读此表

在R中加载表格如下所示：

setwd("C:/fieldData")

# Read csv files
tab<-read.csv("format_question.csv", header = TRUE)

结果：

> tab
  Date..4.16.16     X  X.1                     Cauliflower   X.2    X.3                       Broccoli   X.4    X.5 Unknown..1   X.6    X.7
1          Area            Brassica oleracea var. botrytis              Brassica oleracea var. italica                                     
2                                        # plants in a row                                        TRAE                    UNK              
3          Plot Frame Crop                         Density Cover Height                        Density Cover Height    Density Cover Height
4           114    1N   SO                               1     5      0                              1  <NA>      0          0     0      0
5           114    2N   SO                               1     5      0                              0     0      0          0     0      0
6           114    4N   SO                               2     2      0                              0     0      0          0     0      0
7           214    1N   SO                               8     5      0                              0     0      0          0     0      0
8           214    2N   SO                               7     5      0                              0     0      0          0     0      0
9           214    3N   SO                               9     5      0                              0            0          0     0      0

相反，我希望看到这样的东西，即以某种方式记录所记录的素食。

> tab
            Plot Frame Crop  Cauli.Density Cauli.Cover Cauli.Height Broc.Density Broc.Cover Broc.Height    UNK.Density UNK.Cover UNK.Height
4           114    1N   SO        1          5          0          1   <NA>         0          0          0          0
5           114    2N   SO        1          5          0          0     0          0          0          0          0
6           114    4N   SO        2          2          0          0     0          0          0          0          0
7           214    1N   SO        8          5          0          0     0          0          0          0          0
8           214    2N   SO        7          5          0          0     0          0          0          0          0
9           214    3N   SO        9          5          0          0     0          0          0          0          0

由于我有大约40个Excel .csvs，我真的想避免手动复制每个素食的列名，并至少自动制作一部分。但我不知道怎么做？

感谢您的任何建议！

这里有虚拟表格： https://www.dropbox.com/s/ac4dbahddmsomqp/format_question.csv?dl=0

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：2)

unpivotr可能会成为你的朋友 - 我不是很习惯，但是想给你一个想法：

修改2018-08-01：使用unpivotr简化原始答案，类似于Spreadsheet Munging Strategies中的食谱，由作者@nacnudus友情提供包装和食谱书：

library(unpivotr)
library(tidyverse)

# from the OP's dropbox https://www.dropbox.com/s/ac4dbahddmsomqp/format_question.csv?dl=1
csv_text <-
"Date  4/16/18,,,Cauliflower,,,Broccoli,,,Unknown #1,,
Area,,,Brassica oleracea var. botrytis,,,Brassica oleracea var. italica,,,,,
,,,# plants in a row,,,BRAS,,,UNK ,,
Plot,Frame,PlotCrop,Density,Cover,Height,Density,Cover,Height,Density,Cover,Height
114,1N,SO,1,5,0,1,NA,0,0,0,0
114,2N,SO,1,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
114,4N,SO,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
214,1N,SO,8,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
214,2N,SO,7,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
214,3N,SO,9,5,0,0,,0,0,0,0 "

csv_text %>%
  read_csv(col_names = FALSE) %>%
  as_cells() %>%
  dplyr::filter(!between(row, 2L, 3L)) %>%
  behead("W", "Plot") %>%
  behead("W", "Frame") %>%
  behead("W", "PlotCrop") %>%
  behead("NNW", "Name") %>%
  behead("N", "metric") %>%
  select(-data_type, -col) %>%
  spread(metric, chr) %>%
  select(-row)
#> # A tibble: 18 x 7
#>    Plot  Frame PlotCrop Name        Cover Density Height
#>    <chr> <chr> <chr>    <chr>       <chr> <chr>   <chr> 
#>  1 114   1N    SO       Broccoli    <NA>  1       0     
#>  2 114   1N    SO       Cauliflower 5     1       0     
#>  3 114   1N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0     
#>  4 114   2N    SO       Broccoli    0     0       0     
#>  5 114   2N    SO       Cauliflower 5     1       0     
#>  6 114   2N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0     
#>  7 114   4N    SO       Broccoli    0     0       0     
#>  8 114   4N    SO       Cauliflower 2     2       0     
#>  9 114   4N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0     
#> 10 214   1N    SO       Broccoli    0     0       0     
#> 11 214   1N    SO       Cauliflower 5     8       0     
#> 12 214   1N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0     
#> 13 214   2N    SO       Broccoli    0     0       0     
#> 14 214   2N    SO       Cauliflower 5     7       0     
#> 15 214   2N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0     
#> 16 214   3N    SO       Broccoli    <NA>  0       0     
#> 17 214   3N    SO       Cauliflower 5     9       0     
#> 18 214   3N    SO       Unknown #1  0     0       0

原始回答： 

library(unpivotr)
library(tidyverse)
download.file("https://www.dropbox.com/s/ac4dbahddmsomqp/format_question.csv?dl=1", tf<-tempfile(fileext = ".csv"))
df <- tf %>% 
  read_csv(col_names = FALSE) %>% 
  tidy_table() %>% 
  filter(!row %in% 2:3) %>% 
  behead("NNW", "a") %>% 
  behead("N", "b") %>% 
  unite("header", a, b) %>% 
  select(-data_type, -col) %>%
  spread(header, chr) %>% 
  rename_at(vars(starts_with("Date")), ~sub("[^_]+_(.*)", "\\1", .x)) %>% 
  select(-row) %>% select(Frame:PlotCrop, everything())
glimpse(df)
# Observations: 6
# Variables: 12
# $ Frame                <chr> "1N", "2N", "4N", "1N", "2N", "3N"
# $ Plot                 <chr> "114", "114", "114", "214", "214", "214"
# $ PlotCrop             <chr> "SO", "SO", "SO", "SO", "SO", "SO"
# $ Broccoli_Cover       <chr> NA, "0", "0", "0", "0", NA
# $ Broccoli_Density     <chr> "1", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
# $ Broccoli_Height      <chr> "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
# $ Cauliflower_Cover    <chr> "5", "5", "2", "5", "5", "5"
# $ Cauliflower_Density  <chr> "1", "1", "2", "8", "7", "9"
# $ Cauliflower_Height   <chr> "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
# $ `Unknown #1_Cover`   <chr> "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
# $ `Unknown #1_Density` <chr> "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
# $ `Unknown #1_Height`  <chr> "0", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"
相关问题
最新问题