CakePHP 3:RESTful API中的异常处理/序列化

时间:2018-05-08 08:28:56

标签: json cakephp exception-handling cakephp-3.0

我正在使用CakePHP3构建JSON RESTful API,但我不确定处理错误的最佳方法是什么,并向客户端提供有关错误的信息。到目前为止,我的方法是抛出一个HttpException,如果(例如)由于验证错误而导致实体保存失败。

在我的控制器中,我有以下内容:

if (!$this->Categories->save($categoryEntity)) {
    throw new InternalErrorException('Saving failed');
}

$this->set('status', 'Everything fine!');
$this->set('_serialize', true);

如果保存失败,则将异常序列化为json,响应如下所示:

{
 "message": "Saving failed",
 "url": "\/categories\/edit",
 "code": 500,
}

现在我想要包含一些有关错误的更详细信息。例如:

{
 "message": "Saving failed",
 "errors":  "Validation error: Field id has to be numeric"
 "url": "\/categories\/edit",
 "code": 500,
}

我已尝试使用扩展的HttpException,它将错误作为额外参数,但该额外参数未被序列化。如何在异常中包含一些额外信息,或者如何在CakePHP3中更改异常的序列化行为?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

异常的序列化视图变量在异常渲染器中进行了硬编码,您必须创建一个处理自定义异常的自定义/扩展变量,以便它可以获取它提供的其他数据。 / p>

这是一个快速的&脏示例,使用名为ValidationErrorException的自定义异常(InternalErrorException已被CakePHP核心使用),它扩展了\Cake\Http\Exception\HttpException,并实现了返回验证错误的getValidationErrors()方法:

// in src/Error/Exception/ValidationErrorException.php

namespace App\Error\Exception;

use Cake\Datasource\EntityInterface;
use Cake\Http\Exception\HttpException;

class ValidationErrorException extends HttpException
{
    protected $_validationErrors;

    public function __construct(EntityInterface $entity, $message = null, $code = 422)
    {
        $this->_validationErrors = $entity->getErrors();

        if ($message === null) {
            $message = 'A validation error occurred.';
        }

        parent::__construct($message, $code);
    }

    public function getValidationErrors()
    {
        return $this->_validationErrors;
    }
}

这样的HTTP异常将映射到具有匹配名称的异常渲染器类方法:

// in src/Error/AppExceptionRenderer.php

namespace App\Error;

use App\Error\Exception\ValidationErrorException;
use Cake\Error\ExceptionRenderer;

class AppExceptionRenderer extends ExceptionRenderer
{
    // HttpExceptions automatically map to methods matching the inflected variable name
    public function validationError(ValidationErrorException $exception)
    {
        $code = $this->_code($exception);
        $method = $this->_method($exception);
        $template = $this->_template($exception, $method, $code);

        $message = $this->_message($exception, $code);
        $url = $this->controller->request->getRequestTarget();

        $response = $this->controller->getResponse();
        foreach ((array)$exception->responseHeader() as $key => $value) {
            $response = $response->withHeader($key, $value);
        }
        $this->controller->setResponse($response->withStatus($code));

        $viewVars = [
            'message' => $message,
            'url' => h($url),
            'error' => $exception,
            'code' => $code,
            // set the errors as a view variable
            'errors' => $exception->getValidationErrors(),
            '_serialize' => [
                'message',
                'url',
                'code',
                'errors' // mark the variable as to be serialized
            ]
        ];
        $this->controller->set($viewVars);

        return $this->_outputMessage($template);
    }
}

在您的控制器中,您可以像这样抛出它,用验证失败的实体提供它:

if (!$this->Categories->save($categoryEntity)) {
    throw new \App\Error\Exception\ValidationErrorException($categoryEntity);
}

另见