如果那么CUP中的其他歧义

时间:2018-04-30 16:38:22

标签: if-statement grammar ambiguous-grammar cup

我正在使用CUP构建语法,并且在定义IF-THEN-ELSE语句时遇到了障碍。

我的代码看起来像这样:

start with statements;

/* Top level statements */
statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;
statement  ::= if_statement | block | while_statement | declaration | assignment ;
block        ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK ;

/* Control statements */
if_statement    ::= IF    expression THEN statement
                  | IF    expression THEN statement ELSE statement ;
while_statement ::= WHILE expression THEN statement ;

但是CUP工具抱怨if_statement的定义含糊不清。

我发现this article描述了如何在不引入endif令牌的情况下消除歧义。

所以我尝试调整他们的解决方案:

start with statements;

statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;

statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | non_if_statement ;

then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 

// The statement vs then_statement is for disambiguation purposes
// Solution taken from http://goldparser.org/doc/grammars/example-if-then-else.htm

non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK  // code block
                   | WHILE expression statement        // while statement
                   | declaration | assignment ;
可悲的是,CUP抱怨如下:

Warning : *** Reduce/Reduce conflict found in state #57
  between statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  and     then_statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  under symbols: {ELSE}
  Resolved in favor of the first production. 

为什么这不起作用?我该如何解决?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

此处的问题是if语句与while语句之间的互动,如果您从while删除non-if-statement语句,则可以看到。

问题是while语句的目标可以是if语句,而while语句可以在另一个then语句中if。 1}}声明:

IF expression THEN WHILE expression IF expression THEN statement ELSE ...

现在我们对原始问题的表现略有不同:最后的else可能是嵌套if或外if的一部分。

解决方案是扩展受限语句(链接条款中的“then-statements”)之间的区别,还包括两种不同的while语句:

statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | WHILE expression statement
             | non_if_statement ;

then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | WHILE expression then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 

non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK
                   | declaration | assignment ;

当然,如果扩展语法以包含其他类型的复合语句(例如for循环),则必须为每个语句执行相同的操作。