如果我有一个包含字典的类,我需要在各种实例方法中重用,但我想使该字典只能从特定的实例方法中写入,那可能吗?
在此代码中:
class GoodClass:
def __init__(self):
# name mangling enabled!
self.__dict = {}
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.__dict)
def add_to_dict(self, key, item):
# this should be the only method that can write to self.__dict
try:
self.__dict[key] += [item]
except KeyError:
self.__dict[key] = [item]
def make_items(self, n_items=3, important_param=1):
# do the important stuff
for i in range(n_items):
item = "param: {}".format(important_param)
self.add_to_dict("important_items", item)
def this_is_bad(self):
# don't want this to be possible
self.__dict["this is bad"] = ["quite bad"]
c = GoodClass()
c.make_items()
c.this_is_bad()
# c.__dict["can't do this"] = ["thanks mangling!"]
print(c)
# {'important_items': ['param: 1', 'param: 1', 'param: 1'], 'this is bad': ['quite bad']}
有没有办法确保add_to_dict
是唯一可以写入字典的方法,就像修改阻止从类外部写入字符一样?
我的用例是IronPython的托管版本,因此inspect.currentframe
无效,如下面的几个答案所述。但是,这应该适用于未托管的IronPython或其他版本。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
以下是如何使dict仅允许从正确的位置设置值:
import inspect
class GoodDict(dict):
__allowed_codes = {GoodClass.add_to_dict.__code__}
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
frame = inspect.currentframe()
while frame:
if frame.f_code in GoodDict.__allowed_codes:
break
frame = frame.f_back
else:
raise Exception('__setitem__ called from non-allowed function')
super().__setitem__(key, value)
如果从dict中删除是一个问题,您还应该实现__delitem__
。
然后在GoodClass
:self.__dict = GoodDict()
中使用它。
最后,您应该使用值元组而不是列表来确保不变性。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
虽然我不知道你为什么要这样做,但我认为这对你有用:
第一种方法:
class my_class:
def __init__(self):
pass
@property
def some_variable(self):
return self.__some_variable
@some_variable.setter
def some_variable(self, value):
current_frame = inspect.currentframe()
calling_function = inspect.getouterframes(current_frame, 2)[1][3]
if (calling_function != "allowed_func_name"):
raise Exception()
self.__some_variable = value
第二种方法:
class my_class:
def __init__(self):
self.some_variable_set_flag = False
pass
def some_func(self, value):
self.some_variable_set_flag = True
try :
self.some_variable = value
finally :
self.some_variable_set_flag = False
@property
def some_variable(self):
return self.__some_variable
@some_variable.setter
def some_variable(self, value):
if (not self.some_variable_set_flag):
raise Exception()
self.__some_variable = value
它以抽象的方式(如果其他人有时会寻找这个)。