在@property之后装饰一个类方法

时间:2011-02-07 16:29:32

标签: python metaclass decorator

我想使用装饰器包装除__init__之外的各种对象的每个方法。

class MyObject(object):

    def method(self):
        print "method called on %s" % str(self)

    @property
    def result(self):
        return "Some derived property"

def my_decorator(func):
    def _wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        print "Calling decorated function %s" % func
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return _wrapped


class WrappedObject(object):

    def __init__(self, cls):
        for attr, item in cls.__dict__.items():
            if attr != '__init__' and (callable(item) or isinstance(item, property)):
                setattr(cls, attr, my_decorator(item))
        self._cls = cls

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._cls(*args, **kwargs)

inst = WrappedObject(MyObject)()

但是,包装属性实例结果等同于:

@my_decorator
@property
def result(self):
    return "Some derived property"

当期望的结果与此相当时:

@property
@my_decorator
def result(self):
    return "Some derived property"

似乎属性对象的属性是只读的,因为在属性包装后它会阻止修改函数。我对已经要求的hackery水平感到不太满意,而且我还是不想深入研究属性对象。

我能看到的唯一其他解决方案是动态生成一个我希望避免的元类。我错过了一些明显的东西吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

此示例中还有一些其他问题,但要提出疑问,您只需要做 是,当你包裹一个属性

当您包装属性时,请改为包装其__get__方法:

class MyObject(object):

    def method(self):
        print "method called on %s" % str(self)

    @property
    def result(self):
        return "Some derived property"

    def common(self, a=None):
        print self

def my_decorator(func):
    def _wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        print "Calling decorated function %s" % func
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return _wrapped


class WrappedObject(object):

    def __init__(self, cls):
        for attr, item in cls.__dict__.items():
            if attr != '__init__' and callable(item):
                setattr(cls, attr, my_decorator(item))
            elif  isinstance(item, property):
                new_property = property(my_decorator(item.__get__), item.__set__, item.__delattr__)
                setattr(cls, attr, new_property)
        self._cls = cls

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._cls(*args, **kwargs)

inst = WrappedObject(MyObject)()

这是对您的代码进行最简单的修改。 然而,我会将它更改为它正在包装的类的子类,以避免重写其属性。您可以通过简单地使用名称来调用类型,使用基数的元组和作为参数的字典来编程创建子类。

编辑 - 将代码更改为子类包装类

实际上,子类化给定的类几乎不需要修改给定的代码, 但是对于我指出的type电话。我刚刚在这里测试了它 - 将你的WrappedObject类更改为:

class WrappedObject(object):

    def __init__(self, cls):
        dct = cls.__dict__.copy()
        for attr, item in dct.items():
            if attr != '__init__' and callable(item):
                dct[attr] =  my_decorator(item)
            elif  isinstance(item, property):
                new_property = property(my_decorator(item.__get__), item.__set__, item.__delattr__)
                dct[attr] = new_property
        self._cls = type("wrapped_" + cls.__name__, (cls,), dct)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._cls(*args, **kwargs)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

经过一些尝试和错误后,我提出了以下解决方案。首先,创建一个将模拟装饰描述符的辅助类:

class DecoratedDescriptor(object):

    def __init__(self, descriptor, decorator):
        self.funcs = {}
        for attrname in '__get__', '__set__', '__delete__':
            self.funcs[attrname] = decorator(getattr(descriptor, attrname))

    def __get__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.funcs['__get__'](*args, **kwargs)

    def __set__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.funcs['__set__'](*args, **kwargs)

    def __delete__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.funcs['__delete__'](*args, **kwargs)

然后,如果你看到一个属性,请将其包装在其中:

# Fragment of your WrappedObject.__init__ method:
if attr != '__init__' and callable(item):
    setattr(cls, attr, my_decorator(item))
elif isinstance(item, property):
    setattr(cls, attr, DecoratedDescriptor(item, my_decorator))

这样的工作原理如下:

>>> inst = WrappedObject(MyObject)()
>>> print inst.result
Calling decorated function <method-wrapper '__get__' of property object at 0x00BB6930>
Some derived property

有!没有元类:)

答案 2 :(得分:0)

你可以引入“懒惰”装饰器,它们在你自己的装饰器之后应用,例如:

class Lazy(object):
    def __init__(self, decorator):
        self.decorator = decorator
    def __call__(self, method):
        self.method = method
        return self

def my_decorator(func):
    def _wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        print "Calling decorated function %s" % func
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    if isinstance(func, Lazy):
        lazy = func
        func = lazy.method
        return lazy.decorator(_wrapped)
    return _wrapped

lazy_property = Lazy(property)

..然后使用@lazy_property代替@property。 (警告:未经测试的代码,但我希望你能得到这个想法......)