如果我没有处理它,如何打印例外?

时间:2018-02-21 09:51:40

标签: python exception exception-handling traceback

我有以下代码:

# exc is a local variable of type Exception
# This is not inside an except block
if isinstance(exc, ClientError):
    logging.debug("ClientError raised while loading %s:\n%s", package.id, traceback.format_exc())
    continue

运行此代码并且exc的类型为ClientError时,format_exc()只打印出NoneType: None,因为当前没有处理任何异常(代码不在except阻止)。幸运的是,format_exception上的traceback方法似乎没有与正在处理的当前异常相关联,但为了调用它,我需要提取类型,值和来自我的异常变量的tb。我该怎么做?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

exc如何制作?如果从没有相应堆栈的某个函数返回它,那么无论如何都不可能生成正确的帧。最重要的是,如果没有going deep into ctypes,则无法生成Traceback个对象,因此这可能不是您想要的。

如果你所追求的实际上是记录异常的堆栈,那么使用inspect.currentframetraceback.format_stack可能会产生你可能会追求的东西。但是,如上所述,您需要将帧设置为接近错误发生的位置。考虑这个例子:

import traceback
import inspect
import logging


class Client:
    pass


class ClientError(Exception):
    pass


def get_client(name):
    if name is None:
        return ClientError('client must have a name')
    return Client()


def connect(target, name=None):
    exc = get_client(name)
    if isinstance(exc, ClientError):
        frames = inspect.currentframe()
        logging.debug("ClientError raised while loading %s:\n%s",
            target, ''.join(traceback.format_stack(frames)))


def main():
    connect('somewhere')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    main()

执行此操作将产生以下输出:

DEBUG:root:ClientError raised while loading somewhere:
  File "foo.py", line 34, in <module>
    main()
  File "foo.py", line 30, in main
    connect('somewhere')
  File "foo.py", line 26, in connect
    target, ''.join(traceback.format_stack(frames)))

请注意,堆栈正好在调用完成的位置结束,因为current_frame的返回值限制为frames。这就是为什么应该在生成它的位置生成和格式化堆栈,并退回一个级别。考虑这些更新的功能:

def get_client(name):
    if name is None:
        return (
            ClientError('client must have a name'),
            traceback.format_stack(inspect.currentframe().f_back),
        )
    return Client(), None


def connect(target, name=None):
    exc, frames = get_client(name)
    if isinstance(exc, ClientError):
        stack = ''.join(frames)
        logging.debug("ClientError raised while loading %s:\n%s",
            target, stack)

执行

$ python foo.py 
DEBUG:root:ClientError raised while loading somewhere:
  File "foo.py", line 37, in <module>
    main()
  File "foo.py", line 33, in main
    connect('somewhere')
  File "foo.py", line 25, in connect
    exc, frames = get_client(name)

注意跟踪如何在产生异常的函数处结束。