我的问题是,如果我在多个线程上运行io_service :: run(),我是否需要在这些异步函数上实现阻塞?
示例:
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
void test_timer(boost::system::error_code ec)
{
//I need to lock up here ?
if (i++ == 10)
{
j = i * 10;
}
timer.expires_at(timer.expires_at() + boost::posix_time::milliseconds(500));
timer.async_wait(&test_timer);
}
void threadMain()
{
io_service.run();
}
int main()
{
boost::thread_group workers;
timer.async_wait(&test_timer);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
workers.create_thread(&threadMain);
}
io_service.run();
workers.join_all();
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
异步的定义是它是非阻塞的。
如果您要问“我是否必须同步访问来自不同线程的共享对象” - 该问题是无关的,答案取决于您共享的对象记录的线程安全性。
对于Asio,基本上(粗略总结)您需要将并发访问(从多个线程并发)与所有类型同步,除boost::asio::io_context
¹,²。
您的示例使用运行io服务的多个线程,这意味着处理程序可以在任何这些线程上运行。这意味着有效地分享全局变量,实际上它们需要保护。
但是 因为您的应用程序逻辑(异步调用链)指示只有一个操作处于挂起状态,并且共享计时器对象上的下一个异步操作是始终从该链中安排,从一个线程(称为隐含链)访问逻辑。请参阅Why do I need strand per connection when using boost::asio?
最简单的方法:
<强> Live On Coliru 强>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <iostream>
boost::asio::io_service io_service;
boost::asio::deadline_timer timer { io_service };
struct state_t {
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
} state;
void test_timer(boost::system::error_code ec)
{
if (ec != boost::asio::error::operation_aborted) {
{
if (state.i++ == 10) {
state.j = state.i * 10;
if (state.j > 100)
return; // stop after 5 seconds
}
}
timer.expires_at(timer.expires_at() + boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
timer.async_wait(&test_timer);
}
}
int main()
{
boost::thread_group workers;
timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
timer.async_wait(&test_timer);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
workers.create_thread([] { io_service.run(); });
}
workers.join_all();
std::cout << "i = " << state.i << std::endl;
std::cout << "j = " << state.j << std::endl;
}
注意我从主线程中移除了
io_service::run()
,因为join()
是多余的(除非你真的想要 6 运行处理程序的线程,而不是5)。
打印
i = 11
j = 110
潜伏在这里的陷阱。说,你不想像我一样保释,但想要停下来,你很想做:
timer.cancel();
来自main
。那是不合法,因为deadline_timer
对象不线程安全。你需要
atomic_bool
来表示终止请求timer.cancel()
发布在与定时器异步链相同的 strand 上。但是,只有一个显式链,因此如果不更改代码以使用显式链,则无法执行此操作。让我们通过两个定时器来复杂化,它们有自己的隐含线。这意味着仍然无需同步对计时器实例的访问,但需要访问i
和j
。
注意在本演示中,我使用
synchronized_value<>
来表达优雅。您可以使用mutex
和lock_guard
手动编写类似的逻辑。
<强> Live On Coliru 强>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/synchronized_value.hpp>
#include <iostream>
boost::asio::io_service io_service;
struct state {
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
};
boost::synchronized_value<state> shared_state;
struct TimerChain {
boost::asio::deadline_timer _timer;
TimerChain() : _timer{io_service} {
_timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
resume();
}
void resume() {
_timer.async_wait(boost::bind(&TimerChain::test_timer, this, _1));
};
void test_timer(boost::system::error_code ec)
{
if (ec != boost::asio::error::operation_aborted) {
{
auto state = shared_state.synchronize();
if (state->i++ == 10) {
state->j = state->i * 10;
}
if (state->j > 100) return; // stop after some iterations
}
_timer.expires_at(_timer.expires_at() + boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
resume();
}
}
};
int main()
{
boost::thread_group workers;
TimerChain timer1;
TimerChain timer2;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
workers.create_thread([] { io_service.run(); });
}
workers.join_all();
auto state = shared_state.synchronize();
std::cout << "i = " << state->i << std::endl;
std::cout << "j = " << state->j << std::endl;
}
打印
i = 12
j = 110
现在添加它们非常简单:
struct TimerChain {
boost::asio::io_service::strand _strand;
boost::asio::deadline_timer _timer;
TimerChain() : _strand{io_service}, _timer{io_service} {
_timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
resume();
}
void resume() {
_timer.async_wait(_strand.wrap(boost::bind(&TimerChain::test_timer, this, _1)));
};
void stop() { // thread safe
_strand.post([this] { _timer.cancel(); });
}
// ...
<强> Live On Coliru 强>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/synchronized_value.hpp>
#include <iostream>
boost::asio::io_service io_service;
struct state {
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
};
boost::synchronized_value<state> shared_state;
struct TimerChain {
boost::asio::io_service::strand _strand;
boost::asio::deadline_timer _timer;
TimerChain() : _strand{io_service}, _timer{io_service} {
_timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
resume();
}
void resume() {
_timer.async_wait(_strand.wrap(boost::bind(&TimerChain::test_timer, this, _1)));
};
void stop() { // thread safe
_strand.post([this] { _timer.cancel(); });
}
void test_timer(boost::system::error_code ec)
{
if (ec != boost::asio::error::operation_aborted) {
{
auto state = shared_state.synchronize();
if (state->i++ == 10) {
state->j = state->i * 10;
}
}
// continue indefinitely
_timer.expires_at(_timer.expires_at() + boost::posix_time::milliseconds(50));
resume();
}
}
};
int main()
{
boost::thread_group workers;
TimerChain timer1;
TimerChain timer2;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
workers.create_thread([] { io_service.run(); });
}
boost::this_thread::sleep_for(boost::chrono::seconds(10));
timer1.stop();
timer2.stop();
workers.join_all();
auto state = shared_state.synchronize();
std::cout << "i = " << state->i << std::endl;
std::cout << "j = " << state->j << std::endl;
}
打印
i = 400
j = 110
¹(或使用遗留名称boost::asio::io_service
)
²生命期突变不被视为成员操作(即使对于线程安全的对象,您也必须手动同步共享对象的构造/销毁)