如何在std :: map中try_emplace POD结构?

时间:2018-01-22 22:09:55

标签: c++ struct stdmap emplace c++17

我有一张int -> { basic types }我需要存储的地图。

我想简单地创建一个struct { int f1, int f2; };并直接存储值,在商店中构建struct in situ 。我不希望有任何重复的键,所以try_emplace似乎是理想的。

我写了这段代码:

// mcve.cpp
#include <map>
#include <string>

struct various { int f1, f2; };
using map_t = std::map<int, various>;

void
example()
{
    map_t dict;

    //dict.try_emplace(1, 2);
    dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);
    //dict.try_emplace(1, {1, 2});
}

但这些选项都不起作用。

使用clang ++我得到这样的错误。 (版本:clang版本5.0.1(标签/ RELEASE_501 / final))

/opt/local/libexec/llvm-5.0/include/c++/v1/tuple:1365:7: error: no matching
      constructor for initialization of 'various'
      second(_VSTD::forward<_Args2>(_VSTD::get<_I2>(__second_args))...)
      ^      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

### ... many lines ...

mcve.cpp:14:7: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::__1::map<int, various, std::__1::less<int>,
      std::__1::allocator<std::__1::pair<const int, various> > >::try_emplace<int,
      int>' requested here
        dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);
             ^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit copy constructor) not
      viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
struct various { int f1, f2; };
       ^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit move constructor) not
      viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate constructor (the implicit default constructor) not
      viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided
1 error generated.

使用g ++我得到这样的错误。 (版本:g ++(MacPorts gcc7 7.2.0_0)7.2.0):

In file included from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/bits/node_handle.h:40:0,
                 from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/bits/stl_tree.h:72,
                 from /opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/map:60,
                 from mcve.cpp:1:
/opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/tuple: In instantiation of 'std::pair<_T1, _T2>::pair(std::tuple<_Args1 ...>&, std::tuple<_Args2 ...>&, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes1 ...>, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes2 ...>) [with _Args1 = {int&&}; long unsigned int ..._Indexes1 = {0}; _Args2 = {int&&, int&&}; long unsigned int ..._Indexes2 = {0, 1}; _T1 = const int; _T2 = various]':

### ... many lines ...

mcve.cpp:14:26:   required from here
/opt/local/include/gcc7/c++/tuple:1652:70: error: no matching function for call to 'various::various(int, int)'
         second(std::forward<_Args2>(std::get<_Indexes2>(__tuple2))...)
                                                                      ^
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: various::various()
 struct various { int f1, f2; };
        ^~~~~~~
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 0 arguments, 2 provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: constexpr various::various(const various&)
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
mcve.cpp:4:8: note: candidate: constexpr various::various(various&&)
mcve.cpp:4:8: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided

那么,我怎样才能有效地将数据存储到我的地图中(理想情况下,使用简单易读的代码)?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:11)

你的前两次尝试

dict.try_emplace(1, 2);
dict.try_emplace(1, 1, 2);

失败,因为您无法使用try_emplaceemplace等来从值列表中初始化aggregate。标准分配器使用()而不是{}就地构建类型,这当然对聚合来说是失败的。请参阅this question的答案。

第三次尝试

dict.try_emplace(1, {1, 2});

失败是因为 braced-init-list 不是表达式,并且没有类型,所以template argument deduction fails将其推导为various。< / p>

您可以通过指定构建try_emplace实例

来让various工作
dict.try_emplace(1, various{1, 2});

或者向various添加适当的构造函数,这将允许前两次尝试工作。

但是,鉴于您正在使用包含内置类型的map,最简单的解决方案是使用insert代替安置。

dict.insert({1, {1, 2}});

上面调用的map::insert重载是std::pair<iterator,bool> insert(value_type&&),其中value_typepair<const int, various>。嵌套的 braced-init-list over.match.list中的重载决策规则推导为value_type,特别是第二个项目符号

  

如果找不到可行的初始化列表构造函数,则再次执行重载解析,其中候选函数是类T的所有构造函数,参数列表由初始化列表的元素组成。

选择pair(T1 const&, T2 const&)构造函数。