Question

我喜欢PerformanceAnalytics R套餐chart.Correlation function中的这种相关矩阵：

如何在Python中创建它？我见过的相关矩阵图主要是热图，例如this seaborn example。

Answer 1

下面的cor_matrix函数执行此操作，并添加了一个双变量内核密度图。感谢@ karl-anka关于让我开始的评论。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from scipy import stats

sns.set(style='white')
iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')

def corrfunc(x, y, **kws):
  r, p = stats.pearsonr(x, y)
  p_stars = ''
  if p <= 0.05:
    p_stars = '*'
  if p <= 0.01:
    p_stars = '**'
  if p <= 0.001:
    p_stars = '***'
  ax = plt.gca()
  ax.annotate('r = {:.2f} '.format(r) + p_stars,
              xy=(0.05, 0.9), xycoords=ax.transAxes)

def annotate_colname(x, **kws):
  ax = plt.gca()
  ax.annotate(x.name, xy=(0.05, 0.9), xycoords=ax.transAxes,
              fontweight='bold')

def cor_matrix(df):
  g = sns.PairGrid(df, palette=['red'])
  # Use normal regplot as `lowess=True` doesn't provide CIs.
  g.map_upper(sns.regplot, scatter_kws={'s':10})
  g.map_diag(sns.distplot)
  g.map_diag(annotate_colname)
  g.map_lower(sns.kdeplot, cmap='Blues_d')
  g.map_lower(corrfunc)
  # Remove axis labels, as they're in the diagonals.
  for ax in g.axes.flatten():
    ax.set_ylabel('')
    ax.set_xlabel('')
  return g

cor_matrix(iris)

Answer 2

另一种解决方案是

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

def corrdot(*args, **kwargs):
    corr_r = args[0].corr(args[1], 'pearson')
    corr_text = f"{corr_r:2.2f}".replace("0.", ".")
    ax = plt.gca()
    ax.set_axis_off()
    marker_size = abs(corr_r) * 10000
    ax.scatter([.5], [.5], marker_size, [corr_r], alpha=0.6, cmap="coolwarm",
               vmin=-1, vmax=1, transform=ax.transAxes)
    font_size = abs(corr_r) * 40 + 5
    ax.annotate(corr_text, [.5, .5,],  xycoords="axes fraction",
                ha='center', va='center', fontsize=font_size)

sns.set(style='white', font_scale=1.6)
iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')
g = sns.PairGrid(iris, aspect=1.4, diag_sharey=False)
g.map_lower(sns.regplot, lowess=True, ci=False, line_kws={'color': 'black'})
g.map_diag(sns.distplot, kde_kws={'color': 'black'})
g.map_upper(corrdot)

现在，如果您真的想要模仿该R图的外观，您可以将上述内容与您提供的一些解决方案结合起来：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import stats
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

def corrdot(*args, **kwargs):
    corr_r = args[0].corr(args[1], 'pearson')
    corr_text = round(corr_r, 2)
    ax = plt.gca()
    font_size = abs(corr_r) * 80 + 5
    ax.annotate(corr_text, [.5, .5,],  xycoords="axes fraction",
                ha='center', va='center', fontsize=font_size)

def corrfunc(x, y, **kws):
    r, p = stats.pearsonr(x, y)
    p_stars = ''
    if p <= 0.05:
        p_stars = '*'
    if p <= 0.01:
        p_stars = '**'
    if p <= 0.001:
        p_stars = '***'
    ax = plt.gca()
    ax.annotate(p_stars, xy=(0.65, 0.6), xycoords=ax.transAxes,
                color='red', fontsize=70)

sns.set(style='white', font_scale=1.6)
iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')
g = sns.PairGrid(iris, aspect=1.5, diag_sharey=False, despine=False)
g.map_lower(sns.regplot, lowess=True, ci=False,
            line_kws={'color': 'red', 'lw': 1},
            scatter_kws={'color': 'black', 's': 20})
g.map_diag(sns.distplot, color='black',
           kde_kws={'color': 'red', 'cut': 0.7, 'lw': 1},
           hist_kws={'histtype': 'bar', 'lw': 2,
                     'edgecolor': 'k', 'facecolor':'grey'})
g.map_diag(sns.rugplot, color='black')
g.map_upper(corrdot)
g.map_upper(corrfunc)
g.fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)

# Remove axis labels
for ax in g.axes.flatten():
    ax.set_ylabel('')
    ax.set_xlabel('')

# Add titles to the diagonal axes/subplots
for ax, col in zip(np.diag(g.axes), iris.columns):
    ax.set_title(col, y=0.82, fontsize=26)

与chart.Correlation()在R中设置iris数据集的方式非常接近：

library(PerformanceAnalytics)
chart.Correlation(data.matrix(iris[, -5]), histogram = TRUE, pch=20)

Answer 3

解决问题“'numpy.ndarray' object has no attribute 'name'”错误在“ax.annotate(x.name, xy=(0.05, 0.9), xycoords=ax.transAxes, fontweight='粗体')”，为了保持通用性，在 cor_matrix 函数内部构建一个迭代函数，并将 annnotate_col 函数移动到 cor_matrix 函数中，如下所示。

def corrfunc(x, y, **kws):
    r, p = stats.pearsonr(x, y)
    p_stars = ''
    if p <= 0.05:  
        p_stars = '*'
    if p <= 0.01:  
        p_stars = '**'
    if p <= 0.001:  
        p_stars = '***'
    ax = plt.gca()
    ax.annotate('r = {:.2f} '.format(r) + p_stars, xy=(0.05, 0.9), ycoords=ax.transAxes)

 
def cor_matrix(df, save=False):
    # ======= NEW ITERATION FUNCTION ====
    label_iter = iter(df).__next__
    # ====================================
    def annotate_colname(x, **kws):
        ax = plt.gca()
        # ===== GHANGE below x.name by label_iter() ======
        ax.annotate(label_iter(), xy=(0.05, 0.9), xycoords=ax.transAxes, fontweight='bold')


    g = sns.PairGrid(df, palette=['red'])
    
    # Use normal regplot as `lowess=True` doesn't provide CIs.
    g.map_upper(sns.regplot, scatter_kws={'s':10}, line_kws={"color": "red"})
    g.map_diag(sns.histplot, kde=True)  # fix deprecated message
    g.map_diag(annotate_colname)
    g.map_lower(sns.kdeplot, cmap='Blues_d')
    g.map_lower(corrfunc)
    
    # Remove axis labels, as they're in the diagonals.
    for ax in g.axes.flatten():
        ax.set_ylabel('')
        ax.set_xlabel('')
    if save:
        plt.savefig('corr_mat.png')
    return g

相关矩阵图与一侧的系数，另一侧的散点图和对角线上的分布

3 个答案: