用ASCII近似替换unicode标点符号

时间:2011-01-26 19:24:02

标签: java unicode ascii

我正在阅读Java程序中的一些文本文件,并希望用ASCII近似替换一些Unicode字符。这些文件最终将被分解为提供给OpenNLP的句子。 OpenNLP无法识别Unicode字符并在许多符号上给出不正确的结果(它将“girl”标记为“girl”和“s”,但如果它是Unicode引用则将其视为单个标记)..

例如,源语句可能包含Unicode方向引号U2018('),我想将其转换为U0027(')。最终我将剥离剩余的Unicode。

我知道我正在丢失信息,而且我知道我可以编写正则表达式来转换这些符号中的每一个,但我问是否有可以重用的代码来转换这些符号。

这就是我能做到的,但我确信我会犯错误/错过/等等。

    // double quotation (")
    replacements.add(new Replacement(Pattern.compile("[\u201c\u201d\u201e\u201f\u275d\u275e]"), "\""));

    // single quotation (')
    replacements.add(new Replacement(Pattern.compile("[\u2018\u2019\u201a\u201b\u275b\u275c]"), "'"));

替换是我后来运行并应用替换的自定义类。

    for (Replacement replacement : replacements) {
         text = replacement.pattern.matcher(text).replaceAll(r.replacement);
    }

如你所见,我必须找到:

  • LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
  • 正确的单引号
  • SINGLE LOW-9 QuOTAT​​ION MARK(这是什么/我应该替换它?)
  • 单次高翻-9报价标记(这是什么/我应该替换它?)

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:15)

答案 1 :(得分:6)

为每个unicode角色分配一个category。存在两个单独的类别  报价:

使用这些列表,如果您想手动编写正则表达式,则应该能够正确处理所有引号。

Java Character.getType为您提供了字符类别,例如FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION

现在,您可以获取每个(标点符号)字符的类别,并将其替换为ASCII中的相应补充。

您可以相应地使用其他标点符号类别。在'Punctuation, Other'中有一些字符,例如PRIME ,您可能还想用撇号替换它们。

答案 2 :(得分:6)

我按照@ marek-stoj的链接创建了一个Scala应用程序,它在保持字符串长度的同时清除字符串中的unicode。它删除变音符号(重音符号)并使用@ marek-stoj建议的映射将非Ascii unicode字符转换为其ascii近似值。

import java.text.Normalizer

object Asciifier {
  def apply(string: String) = {
    var cleaned = string
      for ((unicode, ascii) <- substitutions) {
        cleaned = cleaned.replaceAll(unicode, ascii)
      }

    // convert diacritics to a two-character form (NFD)
    // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/text/normalizerapi.html
    cleaned = Normalizer.normalize(cleaned, Normalizer.Form.NFD)

    // remove all characters that combine with the previous character
    // to form a diacritic.  Also remove control characters.
    // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html
    cleaned.replaceAll("[\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}\\p{Cntrl}]", "")

    // size must not change
    require(cleaned.size == string.size)

    cleaned
  }

  val substitutions = Set(
      (0x00AB, '"'),
      (0x00AD, '-'),
      (0x00B4, '\''),
      (0x00BB, '"'),
      (0x00F7, '/'),
      (0x01C0, '|'),
      (0x01C3, '!'),
      (0x02B9, '\''),
      (0x02BA, '"'),
      (0x02BC, '\''),
      (0x02C4, '^'),
      (0x02C6, '^'),
      (0x02C8, '\''),
      (0x02CB, '`'),
      (0x02CD, '_'),
      (0x02DC, '~'),
      (0x0300, '`'),
      (0x0301, '\''),
      (0x0302, '^'),
      (0x0303, '~'),
      (0x030B, '"'),
      (0x030E, '"'),
      (0x0331, '_'),
      (0x0332, '_'),
      (0x0338, '/'),
      (0x0589, ':'),
      (0x05C0, '|'),
      (0x05C3, ':'),
      (0x066A, '%'),
      (0x066D, '*'),
      (0x200B, ' '),
      (0x2010, '-'),
      (0x2011, '-'),
      (0x2012, '-'),
      (0x2013, '-'),
      (0x2014, '-'),
      (0x2015, '-'),
      (0x2016, '|'),
      (0x2017, '_'),
      (0x2018, '\''),
      (0x2019, '\''),
      (0x201A, ','),
      (0x201B, '\''),
      (0x201C, '"'),
      (0x201D, '"'),
      (0x201E, '"'),
      (0x201F, '"'),
      (0x2032, '\''),
      (0x2033, '"'),
      (0x2034, '\''),
      (0x2035, '`'),
      (0x2036, '"'),
      (0x2037, '\''),
      (0x2038, '^'),
      (0x2039, '<'),
      (0x203A, '>'),
      (0x203D, '?'),
      (0x2044, '/'),
      (0x204E, '*'),
      (0x2052, '%'),
      (0x2053, '~'),
      (0x2060, ' '),
      (0x20E5, '\\'),
      (0x2212, '-'),
      (0x2215, '/'),
      (0x2216, '\\'),
      (0x2217, '*'),
      (0x2223, '|'),
      (0x2236, ':'),
      (0x223C, '~'),
      (0x2264, '<'),
      (0x2265, '>'),
      (0x2266, '<'),
      (0x2267, '>'),
      (0x2303, '^'),
      (0x2329, '<'),
      (0x232A, '>'),
      (0x266F, '#'),
      (0x2731, '*'),
      (0x2758, '|'),
      (0x2762, '!'),
      (0x27E6, '['),
      (0x27E8, '<'),
      (0x27E9, '>'),
      (0x2983, '{'),
      (0x2984, '}'),
      (0x3003, '"'),
      (0x3008, '<'),
      (0x3009, '>'),
      (0x301B, ']'),
      (0x301C, '~'),
      (0x301D, '"'),
      (0x301E, '"'),
      (0xFEFF, ' ')).map { case (unicode, ascii) => (unicode.toChar.toString, ascii.toString) }
}

答案 3 :(得分:3)

虽然这不能完全回答您的问题,但您可以将Unicode文本转换为US-ASCII,用'?'替换非ASCII字符符号。

String input = "aáeéiíoóuú"; // 10 chars.

Charset ch = Charset.forName("US-ASCII");
CharsetEncoder enc = ch.newEncoder();
enc.onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPLACE);
enc.replaceWith(new byte[]{'?'});

ByteBuffer out = null;

try {
    out = enc.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(input));
} catch (CharacterCodingException e) { 
    /* ignored, shouldn't happen */ 
}

String outStr = ch.decode(out).toString();

// Prints "a?e?i?o?u?"
System.out.println(outStr);

答案 4 :(得分:2)

我为类似的替换所做的是创建一个Map(通常是HashMap),其中Unicode字符作为键,它们的替代值作为值。

伪爪哇; for取决于您使用哪种字符容器作为执行此操作的方法的参数,例如String,CharSequence等。

StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
for (each Character 'c' in inputString)
{
    Character replacement = xlateMap.get( c );
    output.append( replacement != null ? replacement : c );
}
return output.toString();

地图中的任何内容都会被替换,不在地图中的任何内容都会保持不变并复制到输出中。

答案 5 :(得分:1)

这是一个做得很好的Python包。它基于Perl模块Text :: Unidecode。我认为这可以移植到Java。

http://www.tablix.org/~avian/blog/archives/2009/01/unicode_transliteration_in_python/

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Unidecode

答案 6 :(得分:0)

String lstring = "my string containing all different simbols";

lstring = lstring.replaceAll("\u2013", "-")
    .replaceAll("\u2014", "-")
    .replaceAll("\u2015", "-")
    .replaceAll("\u2017", "_")
    .replaceAll("\u2018", "\'")
    .replaceAll("\u2019", "\'")
    .replaceAll("\u201a", ",")
    .replaceAll("\u201b", "\'")
    .replaceAll("\u201c", "\"")
    .replaceAll("\u201d", "\"")
    .replaceAll("\u201e", "\"")
    .replaceAll("\u2026", "...")
    .replaceAll("\u2032", "\'")
    .replaceAll("\u2033", "\"");