龟GUI改进

Question

我是一名刚开始学习Python编程的11年级学生（5年级学生）。我正在尝试制作一个GUI，我可以选择我想要用乌龟绘制的形状并输入绘制形状所需的值。我设法使用以下代码（我已经完成了龟分形的功能并导入了该文件）：

from tkinter import *

import turtlegraphics

from turtle import *

import math


#set up the window

root = Tk()

root.title('Turtle shapes')

root.geometry('300x200+100+100')



#make the interface

turtleLabel = Label(root, text = 'Turtle Fractals Generator')

turtleLabel.grid(row = 0, column =1, columnspan =2)



#order widgets

orderLabel = Label(root, text ='Order')

orderLabel.grid(row = 1, column =0)



orderStr = StringVar()

orderEntry = Entry(root, textvariable = orderStr)

orderEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 1, columnspan = 2)



#length widgets

lengthLabel = Label(root, text ='Length')

lengthLabel.grid(row = 2, column =0)



lengthStr = StringVar()

lengthEntry = Entry(root, textvariable = lengthStr)

lengthEntry.grid(row = 2, column = 1, columnspan = 2)



#button widgets

def clearF():

    #Clear the entries

    orderStr.set('')

    lengthStr.set('')







    return

#end def

clearButton = Button(root, text ='Clear', command = clearF)

clearButton.grid(row = 3, column =1)





def treeF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())





    turtlegraphics.tree(order,length, pen)







    return

#end def

treeButton = Button(root, text ='Tree', command = treeF)

treeButton.grid(row = 1, column =3)


#make a gasket button

def gasketF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.gasket(order,length,pen)

    return
#end def

gasButton = Button(root, text ='Gasket', command = gasketF)

gasButton.grid(row = 2, column =3)


#make a dandelion button
def dandelionF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.tree4(order,length,pen)

    return
#end def

danButton = Button(root, text ='Dandelion', command = dandelionF)

danButton.grid(row = 3, column =3)


#make flalke button
def kevinF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.k(order,length,pen)



    return
#end def
def flakeF():
    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.flake(order,length,pen)

    return
#end def






flakeButton = Button(root, text ='Flake', command = flakeF)

flakeButton.grid(row = 4, column =3)




#make a screen and a pen

pen = Pen()

screen = Screen()



pen.speed(0)

pen.color('blue')

pen.width(3)



screen.bgcolor('white')



root.mainloop()

但是，我想尝试列出一个列表来选择形状，而不是有几个按钮。我对列表了解不多，因为我还没有教过它，但在做完研究后这就是我得到的：

'''

program gui to draw turtle fractals

'''



from tkinter import *

import turtlegraphics

from turtle import *

import math


#make a screen and a pen

pen = Pen()


def treeF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())


    turtlegraphics.tree(order,length, pen)


    return

#end def

#make a gasket button

def gasketF():

   order = int(orderStr.get())

   length = float(lengthStr.get())

   turtlegraphics.gasket(order,length,pen)

   return
#end def


#make a dandelion button
def dandelionF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.tree4(order,length,pen)

    return
#end def


#make flalke button
def kevinF():

    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.k(order,length,pen)



    return
#end def
def flakeF():
    order = int(orderStr.get())

    length = float(lengthStr.get())

    turtlegraphics.flake(order,length,pen)

    return
#end def
screen = Screen()


pen.speed(0)

pen.color('blue')

pen.width(3)



screen.bgcolor('white')

#set up the window

root = Tk()

root.title('turtle shapes')

root.geometry('600x300+100+100')


#make the interface

turtleLabel = Label(root, text = 'Turtle Fractals Generator')

turtleLabel.grid(row = 0, column =1, columnspan =2)



#order widgets

orderLabel = Label(root, text ='Order')

orderLabel.grid(row = 1, column =0)



orderStr = StringVar()

orderEntry = Entry(root, textvariable = orderStr)

orderEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 1, columnspan = 2)



#length widgets

lengthLabel = Label(root, text ='Length')

lengthLabel.grid(row = 2, column =0)



lengthStr = StringVar()

lengthEntry = Entry(root, textvariable = lengthStr)

lengthEntry.grid(row = 2, column = 1, columnspan = 2)



#button widgets

def clearF():

    #Clear the entries

    orderStr.set('')

    lengthStr.set('')

    return

#end def

clearButton = Button(root, text ='Clear', command = clearF)

clearButton.grid(row = 3, column =1)

#list

def selection():
    obj = nameList.curselection()[0]
    if obj == 'tree':
          command = treeF
          return
    if obj == 'dandelion':
          command = dandelionF
          return
    if obj == 'flake':
          command = flakeF
          return
    if obj == 'gasketF':
          command = gasketF
          return


    #end if


  #end def

#create list
listbox = Listbox(root,selectmode = SINGLE) #select mode is type of 
selection
listButton= Button(root, text = 'chose fractal') 

labelVar = StringVar()
nameLabel = Label(root, textvariable = labelVar)
nameLabel.grid(row = 2 , column = 7, columnspan = 2)
labelVar.set('choose a fractal') 


names = ['tree','dandelion','flake','gasket']
nameList = Listbox(root)
for i in names:
     nameList.insert(END, i)
nameList.grid(row = 4, column =7, columnspan = 2)

selectionButton = Button(root, text = 'draw', command = selection)
selectionButton.grid(row = 5, column = 7, columnspan = 2)



root.mainloop()

我知道我的代码有问题，但我不知道我做错了什么。当我运行我的代码时，我没有得到任何错误，但它没有绘制形状。此外，单击时清除按钮不起作用。我怎么能解决这个问题？

Answer 1

您的直接问题是selection()如何工作 - 它将数字与字符串进行比较，并拥有执行任何子程序所需的代码。我在下面做了一些改编，以获得你想要的行为。我还做了其他改动和简化：

from tkinter import *

from turtle import Pen, Screen

import turtlegraphics

def treeF():

    order = int(orderEntry.get())
    length = float(lengthEntry.get())

    turtlegraphics.tree(order, length, pen)

def dandelionF():

    order = int(orderEntry.get())
    length = float(lengthEntry.get())

    turtlegraphics.tree4(order, length, pen)

def flakeF():

    order = int(orderEntry.get())
    length = float(lengthEntry.get())

    turtlegraphics.flake(order, length, pen)

def gasketF():

    order = int(orderEntry.get())
    length = float(lengthEntry.get())

    turtlegraphics.gasket(order, length, pen)

def kevinF():

    order = int(orderEntry.get())
    length = float(lengthEntry.get())

    turtlegraphics.k(order, length, pen)

fractals = [('tree', treeF), ('dandelion', dandelionF), ('flake', flakeF), ('gasket', gasketF), ('kevin', kevinF)]

# make a screen and a pen

screen = Screen()
screen.bgcolor('white')

pen = Pen()
pen.speed('fastest')
pen.color('blue')
pen.width(3)

# set up the window

root = Tk()
root.title('turtle shapes')
root.geometry('600x400+100+100')

# make the interface

turtleLabel = Label(root, text='Turtle Fractals Generator')
turtleLabel.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)

# order widgets

orderLabel = Label(root, text='Order')
orderLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)

orderEntry = Entry(root)
orderEntry.grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=2)

# length widgets

lengthLabel = Label(root, text='Length')
lengthLabel.grid(row=2, column=0)

lengthEntry = Entry(root)
lengthEntry.grid(row=2, column=1, columnspan=2)

# button widgets

def clearF():

    # Clear the entries
    orderEntry.delete(0, 'end')
    lengthEntry.delete(0, 'end')

clearButton = Button(root, text='Clear', command=clearF)
clearButton.grid(row=3, column=1)

# list

def selection():
    selections = nameList.curselection()

    if selections:
        selection = selections[0]

        if selection < len(fractals):
            name, definition = fractals[selection]
            definition()

# create list
listbox = Listbox(root, selectmode=SINGLE) # select mode is type of selection
listButton = Button(root, text='chose fractal')

labelVar = StringVar()
nameLabel = Label(root, textvariable=labelVar)
nameLabel.grid(row=2, column=7, columnspan=2)
labelVar.set('choose a fractal')

nameList = Listbox(root)

for name, definition in fractals:
    nameList.insert(END, name)

nameList.grid(row=4, column=7, columnspan=2)

selectionButton = Button(root, text='Draw', command=selection)
selectionButton.grid(row=5, column=7, columnspan=2)

root.mainloop()

关于您的代码的一般评论：

找到并遵循良好的Python编码风格 - 当您发明自己的编码“风格”时，它会使您更难理解代码。

这不是将turtle与tkinter集成的正确方法。搜索StackOverflow或turtle文档，用于RawTurtle和TurtleScreen，您使用的类代替Turtle（又名Pen）和Screen嵌入到现有的Tk窗口结构。