C ++ 17如果constexpr()与元组一起使用

时间:2017-12-11 19:29:43

标签: c++ templates c++14 variadic-templates c++17

我正在使用启用了C ++ 17支持的VS2017。

我想尝试创建一个“Transformer”类,当它提供某种类型的支持时,它将转换类型,否则它将按原样返回变量。目标是将所有变量类型传递给变换器,并“隐藏”其变换的变量。这样调用者可以尝试转换所有内容,而不必担心转换是否必要,变换器会知道。

一个更完整的例子(从原文编辑):

    class MyPoint
{
public:
    int x = 0;
};

class NotMyPoint
{
public:
    int x = 50;
};

template <typename T>
class ITransform
{
    public:

    virtual ~ITransform() {};

    virtual T InTransform(const T &in) const = 0;

    virtual T OutTransform(const T &out) const = 0;

    //Check if the argument type is the same as this class type
    template <typename X>
    constexpr bool CanTransform() const
    {
        return std::is_same<X, T>::value;
    }
};

class MyTransformer :
    public ITransform<MyPoint>
{
public:
    MyTransformer() = default;

    virtual MyPoint InTransform(const MyPoint &in) const override
    {
        auto newPt = in;
        newPt.x += 100;
        return newPt;
    }

    virtual MyPoint OutTransform(const MyPoint &in) const override
    {
        auto newPt = in;
        newPt.x -= 100;
        return newPt;
    }
};

template <class... TRANSFORMERS>
struct VariadicTransformer
{
    constexpr VariadicTransformer() = default;

    /** \brief parse using validateParse but catch throw */
    template <typename T>
    inline T Transform(const T& in)
    {
        return TransformImpl<sizeof...(TRANSFORMERS)-1, T>(in);
    }

private:
    /// last attempt to find matching transformer at I==0, if it fails return the original value
    template<std::size_t I = 0, typename T>
    inline typename std::enable_if<I == 0, T>::type TransformImpl(const T &in) const
    {
        if (std::get<I>(transformers).CanTransform<T>())
            return std::get<I>(transformers).InTransform(in);
        else
            return in;
    }

    /// attempt to find transformer for this type
    template<std::size_t I = 0, typename T>
    inline typename std::enable_if < I != 0, T>::type TransformImpl(const T &in) const
    {
        if (std::get<I>(transformers).CanTransform<T>())
            return std::get<I>(transformers).InTransform(in);
        else
            return TransformImpl<I - 1, T>(in);
    }

    std::tuple<const TRANSFORMERS...> transformers;
};


//Example usage

VariadicTransformer<MyTransformer, MyTransformer> varTrans;
MyPoint myPoint;
NotMyPoint notMyPoint;

std::cout << myPoint.x << std::endl;
myPoint = varTrans.Transform(myPoint);
std::cout << myPoint.x << std::endl;

std::cout << notMyPoint.x << std::endl;
notMyPoint = varTrans.Transform<NotMyPoint>(notMyPoint);
std::cout << notMyPoint.x << std::endl;

return 0;

我的问题出现在这一行:

if constexpr(std::get<I>(transformers).CanTransform<T>())

这将无法编译并提供以下错误:

错误C2131:表达式未评估为常量

注意:失败是由在其生命周期之外读取变量引起的

注意:请参阅'this'的用法

CanTransform函数应该是constexpr,std :: get&lt;#&gt;(std :: tuple)应该是constexpr,所以我不确定它对这一行的抱怨是什么。

此外,如果要求constexpr避免尝试调用任何不适合转换当前类型的变换器,我希望此案例能够通过并返回原始类型。

有关导致此错误的原因或我可以尝试的其他设计的任何建议吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

如果调用对象 constexpr,则对象的方法调用只能是constexpr。如果调用对象不是constexpr,那么该方法仍将在运行时而不是编译时进行评估,因此不适用于任何编译时评估。

struct A {
    int val;
    constexpr A() : A(16) {}
    constexpr A(int val) : val(val) {}
    constexpr bool foo() const {return val > 15;}
};

int main() {
    A a;
    if constexpr(a.foo()) {
        std::cout << "No point thinking about it; this won't compile!" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Again, the previous line doesn't compile." << std::endl;
    }

    constexpr A b;
    if constexpr(b.foo()) {
        std::cout << "This, however, will compile, and this message will be displayed!" << std::endl;
    }

    constexpr A c(13);
    if constexpr(c.foo()) {
        std::cout << "This will not be displayed because the function will evaluate to false, but it will compile!" << std::endl;
    }
}

您需要确保TransformImpl可以constexpr,然后确保调用A的{​​{1}}实例也是TransformImpl

答案 1 :(得分:0)

所以我无法解释为什么以前的选项不起作用。但是,通过将CanTransform函数变为自己的独立函数,错误就消失了。

这最终有效:

template<typename X, typename T>
constexpr inline bool CanTransform()
{
    return std::is_base_of<ITransform<T>, X>::value;
}

template <class... TRANSFORMERS>
struct VariadicTransformer
{
    constexpr VariadicTransformer() = default;

    template <typename T>
    constexpr inline T Transform(const T& in) const
    {
        return TransformImpl<sizeof...(TRANSFORMERS)-1, T>(in);
    }

private:
        // last attempt to find matching transformer at I==0, if it fails return the original value
    template<std::size_t I = 0, typename T>
    constexpr inline typename std::enable_if<I == 0, T>::type TransformImpl(const T &in) const
    {
        if constexpr(CanTransform < std::tuple_element < I, std::tuple<TRANSFORMERS...>>::type, T >())
            return std::get<I>(transformers).InTransform(in);
        else
            return in;
    }

       // attempt to find transformer for this type
    template<std::size_t I = 0, typename T>
    constexpr inline typename std::enable_if < I != 0, T>::type TransformImpl(const T &in) const
    {
        if constexpr(CanTransform < std::tuple_element < I, std::tuple<TRANSFORMERS...>>::type, T >())
            return std::get<I>(transformers).InTransform(in);
        else
            return TransformImpl<I - 1, T>(in);
    }

    std::tuple<TRANSFORMERS...> transformers;
};