Spring Boot JPA Hibernate CRUD存储库中的查找表

时间:2017-11-27 15:16:12

标签: java hibernate jpa spring-boot spring-data-jpa

我正在尝试将Spring Boot与JPA自动配置的CRUD存储库,Hibernate和MySQL一起使用。我在查找表格方面遇到了一些麻烦,我希望这样做。

User实体有一个名为status的属性,该属性目前为enableddisabled。但是,我不能对这些值进行硬编码,因为它们必须可以在不重新编译的情况下进行更改。所以我认为查找表包含status的可能值,表示为User模型上的多对一关系。 status表可以有一个外键列,该列引用相关状态的自动生成的主键。我觉得这在非ORM SQL编码中是相当标准的东西。以下是我尝试使用JPA执行此操作的方法:

用户模型类,User.java:

package com.example.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;

@Entity
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @JsonIgnore
    private Long id;

    @Column(nullable = false, updatable = false)
    private String guid;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "status", nullable = false, updatable = false)
    private Status status;

    private String description;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(final String guid) {
        this.guid = guid;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("User[id='%d', guid='%s', description='%s']", id, guid, description);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof User)) { return false; }
        final User rhs = (User) obj;
        return new EqualsBuilder().append(guid, rhs.getGuid()).build();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return new HashCodeBuilder().append(guid).build();
    }

    ...getters and setters...

}

和嵌套模型Status.java:

package com.example.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;

@Entity
public class Status {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @JsonIgnore
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    public Status() {
    }

    public Status(final String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("Status[id='%d', name='%s', description='%s']", id, name);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (obj == null || !(obj instanceof Status)) { return false; }
        final Status rhs = (Status) obj;
        return new EqualsBuilder().append(name, rhs.getName()).build();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return new HashCodeBuilder().append(name).build();
    }

    ...getters and setters...

}

和UserRepository.java

package com.example.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

import com.example.model.User;

public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {

    boolean existsByGuid(String guid);

    User findByGuid(String guid);

    boolean deleteByGuid(String guid);

}

这是SQL架构:

CREATE TABLE `status` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `guid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `status` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `status_id` (`status`),
  FOREIGN KEY (`status`) REFERENCES `status` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

我已将一些测试行插入数据库以检查CRUD存储库的读取功能。我可以看到正确引用了查找表。

INSERT INTO `status` (`name`) VALUES
    ('enabled'),
    ('disabled');

INSERT INTO `user` (`guid`, `status`) 
    SELECT 'rick', `status`.`id` FROM `status` WHERE `status`.`name` = 'enabled';

INSERT INTO `user` (`guid`, `status`) 
    (SELECT 'morty', `status`.`id` FROM `status` WHERE `status`.`name` = 'disabled');

这是JSON字符串化输出:

{
    "users": [
        {
            "guid": "rick",
            "status": {
                "name": "enabled"
            },
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "guid": "morty",
            "status": {
                "name": "disabled"
            },
            "description": null
        }
    ],
}

当我们想要POST JSON来创建新用户时,就出现了问题。我可以使用如下的JSON主体:

{
  "guid": "jerry",
  "status": {
    "id": 2,
    "name": "disabled"
  }
}

这有效,但它有一个缺陷。它专门传递状态的ID。该值是我们系统的内部值。我们不希望我们的API用户必须跟踪此密钥,我们的系统不会输出它。它真的有点挫败了查找表的目的,imho。我宁愿让用户简单地通过:

{
  "guid": "jerry",
  "status": {
    "name": "disabled"
  }
}

如果他们只能通过"status":"disable",我会更高兴,并让它自动解析到查找表中。

{
  "guid": "jerry",
  "status": "disabled"
}

但是,对于我当前的配置,当未明确传递主键时,JPA不理解它应该使用名称为disabled的查找表中的现有行。

2017-11-26 22:21:57.174  WARN 3748 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] o.h.a.i.UnresolvedEntityInsertActions    : HHH000437: Attempting to save one or more entities that have a non-nullable association with an unsaved transient entity. The unsaved transient entity must be saved in an operation prior to saving these dependent entities.
    Unsaved transient entity: ([com.example.model.Status#<null>])
    Dependent entities: ([[com.example.model.User#<null>]])
    Non-nullable association(s): ([com.example.model.User.status])
2017-11-26 22:21:57.213 ERROR 3748 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: org.hibernate.TransientPropertyValueException: Not-null property references a transient value - transient instance must be saved before current operation : com.example.model.User.status -> com.example.model.Status; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: org.hibernate.TransientPropertyValueException: Not-null property references a transient value - transient instance must be saved before current operation : com.example.model.User.status -> com.example.model.Status] with root cause

org.hibernate.TransientPropertyValueException: Not-null property references a transient value - transient instance must be saved before current operation : com.example.model.User.status -> com.example.model.Status
    at org.hibernate.action.internal.UnresolvedEntityInsertActions.checkNoUnresolvedActionsAfterOperation(UnresolvedEntityInsertActions.java:123) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.checkNoUnresolvedActionsAfterOperation(ActionQueue.java:414) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.checkNoUnresolvedActionsAfterOperation(SessionImpl.java:619) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:777) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:748) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:753) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.spi.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.persist(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1146) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]

作为一种解决方法,我可以创建一个StatusRepository(它扩展CrudRepository)并进行显式查找,但这比在一个存储库调用中执行此操作要慢一些。

请问,什么是注释和/或其他任何更改,这将使我创建一个没有多个存储库调用的新用户,并且用户不必显式传递ID?

请注意,我省略了一些节省空间的课程,但可以在GitHub上找到entire example project

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

不幸的是,由于没有提供密钥,您将不得不进行查找。

但您可以通过使用L2缓存配置来抵消您所遇到的性能问题。鉴于您的Status实体很少更改,它们是L2缓存存储的理想候选者。这可以防止网络和数据库查找成本。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

据我所知,有几种选择。

  1. 使用spring data jpa getOne方法。还是counterpart处于休眠状态:
  2. 使用“字符串名称”作为@Id或@NaturalId。
  3. Hibernate支持子实体的持久性,即使它是一个全新的实体但具有ID,即 user.setStatus(new Status(1, "disabled"))。因此,您可以自己缓存值。并在您自己的缓存中查找它们。