使用Canvas为JS中的排序算法设置动画

时间:2017-10-26 10:00:52

标签: javascript html5 algorithm sorting canvas

为了好玩,我试图创建不同排序算法的可视化,但我遇到了Canvas动画的问题。

我假设我只能在分拣器方法中调用绘图函数,但这会导致浏览器锁定,直到数组完全排序,然后绘制一些中间框架。

我如何从排序方法中进行动画制作?下面是我到目前为止的代码,我不会运行此代码片段,因为它会将标签挂起几秒钟。



N = 250; // Array Size
XYs = 5; // Element Visual Size
Xp = 1; // Start Pos X
Yp = 1; // Start Pos Y
var canvas;
var l = Array.apply(null, {
  length: N
}).map(Number.call, Number);

Array.prototype.shuffle = function() {
  var i = this.length,
    j, temp;
  if (i == 0) return this;
  while (--i) {
    j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
    temp = this[i];
    this[i] = this[j];
    this[j] = temp;
  }
  return this;
}

function map_range(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max) {
  return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}

function rainbow(x) {
  var m = map_range(x, 0, N, 0, 359);
  return 'hsl(' + m + ',100%,50%)';
}

function init() {
  canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
  l.shuffle();
  draw();
  bubbleSort(l);
}

function draw() {
  if (canvas.getContext) {
    var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
    for (var i = 0; i < l.length; i++) {
      ctx.fillStyle = rainbow(l[i]);
      ctx.fillRect((Xp * i) * XYs, Yp * XYs, XYs, XYs);
    }
  }
}

function bubbleSort(a) {
  var swapped;
  do {
    swapped = false;
    for (var i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
      if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
        var temp = a[i];
        a[i] = a[i + 1];
        a[i + 1] = temp;
        swapped = true;
        draw();
        setTimeout(function() {}, 10);
      }
    }
  } while (swapped);
}
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<html>

<body onload="init();">
  <canvas id="canvas" width="1500" height="1500"></canvas>
</body>

</html>
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2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

一个解决方案是ES6 Generator function*及其<?php header('Content-Type: application/json'); $e = "90"; // You would calculate a real value here echo json_encode([ 'diffex' => $e ]); ?> 语句。

这允许您暂停一个函数并在稍后暂停的地方重新启动它:

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yield
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N = 100; // Array Size
XYs = 5; // Element Visual Size
Xp = 1; // Start Pos X
Yp = 1; // Start Pos Y
var canvas;
var l = Array.apply(null, {
  length: N
}).map(Number.call, Number);

Array.prototype.shuffle = function() {
  var i = this.length,
    j, temp;
  if (i == 0) return this;
  while (--i) {
    j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
    temp = this[i];
    this[i] = this[j];
    this[j] = temp;
  }
  return this;
}

function map_range(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max) {
  return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}

function rainbow(x) {
  var m = map_range(x, 0, N, 0, 359);
  return 'hsl(' + m + ',100%,50%)';
}

function init() {
  canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
  l.shuffle();
  var sort = bubbleSort(l);
  // an anim function triggered every 60th of a second
  function anim(){
    requestAnimationFrame(anim);
    draw();
    sort.next(); // call next iteration of the bubbleSort function
  }
  anim();
}

function draw() {
  if (canvas.getContext) {
    var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
    for (var i = 0; i < l.length; i++) {
      ctx.fillStyle = rainbow(l[i]);
      ctx.fillRect((Xp * i) * XYs, Yp * XYs, XYs, XYs);
    }
  }
}

function* bubbleSort(a) { // * is magic
  var swapped;
  do {
    swapped = false;
    for (var i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
      if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
        var temp = a[i];
        a[i] = a[i + 1];
        a[i + 1] = temp;
        swapped = true;
        yield swapped; // pause here
      }
    }
  } while (swapped);
}
init();
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答案 1 :(得分:1)

你需要一个渲染循环。 requestAnimationFrame()是你的朋友。使用此方法,您可以为浏览器提供在下一帧绘制之前调用的回调。

在该回调中,您可以使用相同的回调来绘制您的内容并再次调用requestAnimationFrame():

requestAnimationFrame(renderLoop);
function renderLoop()
{
    // visualize your array `l` at this point

    // call the render callback for the next frame draw
    requestAnimationFrame(renderLoop);
}

https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/API/window/requestAnimationFrame

您可以获得平滑的动画,帧速率通常为60 fps。

在代码中集成该方法:

  1. 删除行

    draw();
    setTimeout(function() {}, 10);
    
  2. 调用初始

    requestAnimationFrame(renderLoop);

    程序启动时。