brm回归参数的含义

时间:2017-10-15 19:32:43

标签: r bayesian nonlinear-functions stan hierarchical-bayesian

我正在使用brms包在预测器x上构建一个带有高斯过程的多级模型。该模型如下所示:make_stancode(y~gp(x,cov =“exp_quad”,by = groups)+(1 | groups),data = dat)因此x预测变量上的gp和多级组变量。在我的情况下,我有5组。我一直在寻找代码(下图),我试图弄清楚一些参数的含义和尺寸。

我看到M_1是群组的数量

我的问题是:

  1. N_1的含义是什么,是否与观测数量相同,N?它在这里使用:vector [N_1] z_1 [M_1]; //未缩放的组级效果
  2. 对于Kgp_1和Mgp_1(int Kgp_1;和int Mgp_1;),如果我有5个组,Kgp_1和Mgp_1都等于5?如果是这样,为什么使用两个变量?

    //使用brms 1.10.0生成     函数{

      /* compute a latent Gaussian process
       * Args:
       *   x: array of continuous predictor values
       *   sdgp: marginal SD parameter
       *   lscale: length-scale parameter
       *   zgp: vector of independent standard normal variables 
       * Returns:  
       *   a vector to be added to the linear predictor
       */ 
      vector gp(vector[] x, real sdgp, real lscale, vector zgp) { 
        matrix[size(x), size(x)] cov;
        cov = cov_exp_quad(x, sdgp, lscale);
        for (n in 1:size(x)) {
          // deal with numerical non-positive-definiteness
          cov[n, n] = cov[n, n] + 1e-12;
        }
        return cholesky_decompose(cov) * zgp;
      }
    } 
    data { 
      int<lower=1> N;  // total number of observations 
      vector[N] Y;  // response variable 
      int<lower=1> Kgp_1; 
      int<lower=1> Mgp_1; 
      vector[Mgp_1] Xgp_1[N]; 
      int<lower=1> Igp_1[Kgp_1]; 
      int<lower=1> Jgp_1_1[Igp_1[1]]; 
      int<lower=1> Jgp_1_2[Igp_1[2]]; 
      int<lower=1> Jgp_1_3[Igp_1[3]]; 
      int<lower=1> Jgp_1_4[Igp_1[4]]; 
      int<lower=1> Jgp_1_5[Igp_1[5]]; 
      // data for group-level effects of ID 1 
      int<lower=1> J_1[N]; 
      int<lower=1> N_1; 
      int<lower=1> M_1; 
      vector[N] Z_1_1; 
      int prior_only;  // should the likelihood be ignored? 
    } 
    transformed data { 
    } 
    parameters { 
      real temp_Intercept;  // temporary intercept 
      // GP hyperparameters 
      vector<lower=0>[Kgp_1] sdgp_1; 
      vector<lower=0>[Kgp_1] lscale_1; 
      vector[N] zgp_1; 
      real<lower=0> sigma;  // residual SD 
      vector<lower=0>[M_1] sd_1;  // group-level standard deviations 
      vector[N_1] z_1[M_1];  // unscaled group-level effects 
    } 
    transformed parameters { 
      // group-level effects 
      vector[N_1] r_1_1 = sd_1[1] * (z_1[1]); 
    } 
    model { 
      vector[N] mu = rep_vector(0, N) + temp_Intercept; 
      mu[Jgp_1_1] = mu[Jgp_1_1] + gp(Xgp_1[Jgp_1_1], sdgp_1[1], lscale_1[1], zgp_1[Jgp_1_1]); 
      mu[Jgp_1_2] = mu[Jgp_1_2] + gp(Xgp_1[Jgp_1_2], sdgp_1[2], lscale_1[2], zgp_1[Jgp_1_2]); 
      mu[Jgp_1_3] = mu[Jgp_1_3] + gp(Xgp_1[Jgp_1_3], sdgp_1[3], lscale_1[3], zgp_1[Jgp_1_3]); 
      mu[Jgp_1_4] = mu[Jgp_1_4] + gp(Xgp_1[Jgp_1_4], sdgp_1[4], lscale_1[4], zgp_1[Jgp_1_4]); 
      mu[Jgp_1_5] = mu[Jgp_1_5] + gp(Xgp_1[Jgp_1_5], sdgp_1[5], lscale_1[5], zgp_1[Jgp_1_5]); 
      for (n in 1:N) { 
        mu[n] = mu[n] + (r_1_1[J_1[n]]) * Z_1_1[n]; 
      } 
      // priors including all constants 
      target += student_t_lpdf(sdgp_1 | 3, 0, 10)
        - 1 * student_t_lccdf(0 | 3, 0, 10); 
      target += normal_lpdf(lscale_1 | 0, 0.5)
        - 1 * normal_lccdf(0 | 0, 0.5); 
      target += normal_lpdf(zgp_1 | 0, 1); 
      target += student_t_lpdf(sigma | 3, 0, 10)
        - 1 * student_t_lccdf(0 | 3, 0, 10); 
      target += student_t_lpdf(sd_1 | 3, 0, 10)
        - 1 * student_t_lccdf(0 | 3, 0, 10); 
      target += normal_lpdf(z_1[1] | 0, 1); 
      // likelihood including all constants 
      if (!prior_only) { 
        target += normal_lpdf(Y | mu, sigma); 
      } 
    } 
    generated quantities { 
      // actual population-level intercept 
      real b_Intercept = temp_Intercept; 
    } 
    

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

如果对同一公式使用make_standata(...),则可以看到将传递给Stan的数据。从这里开始,您可以将一些变量的内容拼凑在一起。如果我使用lme4::sleepstudy数据集作为数据的代理,我会得到:

library(brms)
dat <- lme4::sleepstudy
dat$groups <- dat$Subject
dat$y <- dat$Reaction
dat$x <- dat$Days

s_data <- make_standata(
  y ~ gp(x, cov = "exp_quad", by= groups) + (1| groups), data = dat)
s_data$N_1
#> 18 

对于N_1,我得到18,这是此数据集中groups的级别数。

  

对于Kgp_1和Mgp_1(int Kgp_1;和int Mgp_1;),如果我有5个组,Kgp_1和Mgp_1都等于5?如果是这样,为什么使用两个变量?

s_data$Mgp_1
#> 1
s_data$Kgp_1
#> 18

看起来Kgp_1再次是群组的数量。除了设置向量vector[Mgp_1] Xgp_1[N];

的长度之外,我不确定Mgp_1做了什么