我目前正在尝试自学变量模板。但是,通过简单的添加模板,我无法理解任何内容。
目前我想要一个能够执行以下操作的模板:
采用要求用户以下列格式输入的参数:
T值,字符串描述符
例如,输出应如下所示:
x (int) //this is the descriptor
//here something is being read into the variable x
y (int) //this is another descriptor
//something else is being read into y
.
.
.
由于它始终是相同的操作,这应该是可能的。然而,我最好的尝试看起来像这样
template<typename t,typename... Args>
void generic_reader(t first,string desc,Args... args)
{
cout<<desc<<endl;
cin>>first;
generic_reader(args);
}
显然这不起作用。但是,我无法想到另一种方法。我再次开始使用可变参数模板。
有人可以给我一个详细解释的解决方案吗?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
这是使用递归的一种方法。
#include <iostream>
// provide a terminating case
void generic_read()
{
}
// provide the general case which picks off the first 2 arguments
// and forwards the rest to another version of itself.
template<typename T, typename Printable, typename...Rest>
void generic_read(T& value ,Printable&& desc,Rest&&...rest)
{
std::cout << desc << std::endl;
std::cin >> value;
generic_read(std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
}
// test
int main()
{
int x;
double y;
generic_read(x, "an integer:", y, "a double");
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
你基本上就在那里 - 你只是错过了一个基本案例。此外,您在...
的递归调用中错过了generic_reader
;它应该是generic_reader(args...)
。
以下是一些可以执行您要执行的操作的代码:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
void generic_reader()
{
std::cout << "no more stuff!" << std::endl;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void generic_reader(T& first, const std::string& desc, Args&... args)
{
std::cout << desc << std::endl;
std::cin >> first;
std::cin.ignore(100, '\n');
generic_reader(args...);
}
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
generic_reader(x, "x", y, "y", z, "z");
std::cout << "x: " << x << " y: " << y << " z: " << z << std::endl;
return 0;
}
`
遍历代码:您的方法是正确的,但是当您用完参数时没有基本情况。在倒数第二个调用中,剩余的参数为(z, "z")
,可成功替换模板。但在那之后,最后一次调用generic_reader()
,没有剩余的参数。您需要提供一个可以接受最终(空)参数列表的候选者。
最后一点 - 你会注意到我通过引用传递了first
,所以我可以写入原始变量。如果这样做,请确保通过引用传递剩余的Args...
!否则,递归调用将按值传递剩余的args,并在第一个调用后不再引用原始变量。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
It seems to me that you're using a sequence of std::pairs
where the first type is fixed, std::string
, and the second one is a variable type.
So you can write your function as
template <typename ... Args>
void generic_reader (std::pair<std::string, Args> & ... ps)
{ /* do something */}
and call it as
auto a = std::make_pair<std::string>("a", short(0));
auto b = std::make_pair<std::string>("b", 1);
auto c = std::make_pair<std::string>("c", 2L);
auto d = std::make_pair<std::string>("d", 3LL);
generic_reader(a, b, c, d);
Unfortunately I don't know (before c++17) how to use ps...
in the body of the function so, in C++11 and in C++17, the best I can think is a solution based on recursion (as your original, with the recursion call corrected in generic_reader(args...);
)
Starting from C++17 it's available a new (and more powerful) mode of use variadic arguments (look for "fold expression") and your function ca be simply written as
template <typename ... Args>
void generic_reader (std::pair<std::string, Args> & ... ps)
{ ( (std::cout << ps.first << std::endl, std::cin >> ps.second), ... ) ; }
The following is a full working C++17 example
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
template <typename ... Args>
void generic_reader (std::pair<std::string, Args> & ... ps)
{ ( (std::cout << ps.first << std::endl, std::cin >> ps.second), ... ) ; }
template <typename ... Args>
void variadic_printer (Args & ... as)
{ ( (std::cout << as.first << ", " << as.second << std::endl), ... ) ; }
int main ()
{
auto a = std::make_pair<std::string>("a", short(0));
auto b = std::make_pair<std::string>("b", 1);
auto c = std::make_pair<std::string>("c", 2L);
auto d = std::make_pair<std::string>("d", 3LL);
generic_reader(a, b, c, d);
variadic_printer(a, b, c, d);
}
答案 3 :(得分:1)
如果你不想使用递归,你总是可以使用它(c ++ 14,但是对于c ++ 11存在index_sequence
的实现):
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
template <class Tuple, std::size_t... Is>
void generic_reader_impl(std::index_sequence<Is...>, Tuple&& tuple) {
std::size_t dummy[] = { 0ul,
(static_cast<void>(std::cout << std::get<2ul*Is + 1ul>(tuple) << std::endl),
static_cast<void>(std::cin >> std::get<2ul*Is>(tuple)),
Is)...
};
static_cast<void>(dummy);
}
template <class... Args>
void generic_reader(Args&&... args) {
generic_reader_impl(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>{}, std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}
int main() {
int x;
double y;
generic_reader(x, "an integer:", y, "a double");
std::cout << x << std::endl;
std::cout << y << std::endl;
}
输出:
1
1.2