我这里有一个使用全局变量的示例代码,它给了我错误。在调用x
函数之前,在test3
函数中声明了全局变量test2
,但test2
函数似乎没有得到全局变量{{1}的定义}
x
错误是:
from multiprocessing import Pool
import numpy as np
global x
def test1(w, y):
return w+y
def test2(v):
global x # x is assigned value in test3 before test2 is called
return test1(x, v)
def test3():
global x
x = 2
y = np.random.random(10)
with Pool(processes=6) as p:
z = p.map(test2, y)
print(z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test3()
我已经在SO上查看了很多问题和答案,但仍然无法弄清楚如何修复此代码。如果有人能指出代码有什么问题,将不胜感激?
任何人都可以告诉我如何重写上面的代码,而不更改代码的基本结构(即保留multiprocessing.pool.RemoteTraceback:
"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\WinPython-64bit-3.5.2.1Qt5\python-3.5.2.amd64\lib\multiprocessing\pool.py", line 119, in worker
result = (True, func(*args, **kwds))
File "C:\WinPython-64bit-3.5.2.1Qt5\python-3.5.2.amd64\lib\multiprocessing\pool.py", line 44, in mapstar
return list(map(*args))
File "...\my_global_variable_testcode.py", line 23, in test2
return test1(x, v)
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
"""
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "...\my_global_variable_testcode.py", line 35, in <module>
test3()
File "...\my_global_variable_testcode.py", line 31, in test3
z = p.map(test2, y)
File "C:\WinPython-64bit-3.5.2.1Qt5\python-3.5.2.amd64\lib\multiprocessing\pool.py", line 260, in map
return self._map_async(func, iterable, mapstar, chunksize).get()
File "C:\WinPython-64bit-3.5.2.1Qt5\python-3.5.2.amd64\lib\multiprocessing\pool.py", line 608, in get
raise self._value
NameError: name 'x' is not defined
,test1
,test2
作为3个单独的函数,就像我原来的一样代码这些函数是如此长而复杂)以便我可以实现我的多处理目标?
P.S。这个示例代码只是我实际代码的简化版本,我在这里给出了这个简化版本,以弄清楚如何使全局变量工作(而不是试图找到test3
的复杂方法)。
*编辑* - 播放说明
这个赏金是为了帮助我重写这段代码的人,保留了代码中函数的基本结构:
(i)2+np.random.random(10)
对test1
进行多处理调用,test2
依次调用test2
(ii)使用全局变量或多处理模块的Manager类或其他任何东西来避免让test3
将公共变量传递给test1
(iii)test2
在调用多处理代码之前还给出一些值或对全局变量/公共数据进行更改
(iv)代码应该在Windows上运行(因为我使用的是Windows)。目前还没有寻找适用于Linux / OSX的解决方案。
为了帮助获得赏金,让我给出两个不同的测试用例。
*案例1 - 非多处理版本*
test1
输出(正确)是:
import numpy as np
x = 3
def test1(w, y):
return w+y
def test2(v):
global x
print('x in test2 = ', x)
return test1(x, v)
def test3():
global x
x = 2
print('x in test3 = ', x)
y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
z = test2(y)
print(z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test3()
*案例2 - 多处理版*
x in test3 = 2
x in test2 = 2
[ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12]
输出(不正确)是
from multiprocessing import Pool
import numpy as np
x = 3
def test1(w, y):
return w+y
def test2(v):
global x
print('x in test2 = ', x)
return test1(x, v)
def test3():
global x
x = 2
print('x in test3 = ', x)
y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
with Pool(processes=6) as p:
z = p.map(test2, y)
print(z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test3()
答案 0 :(得分:2)
你必须在函数外部定义变量x,例如代替全局x,比如说x = 0或者你喜欢的任何东西,并在函数中使用全局声明,就像你现在正在做的那样。 希望有所帮助
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您的问题是您在Process中共享变量而不在Multiprocess池中共享。使用global x
时,它可以在单个进程中工作,但不能跨多个进程工作。在这种情况下,您需要使用Value
中的multiprocessing
。下面是一个更新的代码,适用于多处理
from multiprocessing import Pool, Value
import numpy as np
xVal = Value('i', 0)
def test1(w, y):
return w+y
def test2(v):
x = xVal.value
print('x in test2 = ', x)
return test1(x, v)
def test3():
xVal.value = 2
print('x in test3 = ', xVal.value)
y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
with Pool(processes=6) as p:
z = p.map(test2, y)
print(z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test3()
程序的输出如下
x in test3 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
x in test2 = 2
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
修改-2 强>
以下程序应该在Windows上运行
from multiprocessing import Pool, Value, Manager, Array
import multiprocessing
import numpy as np
xVal = None
def sharedata(sharedData):
global xVal
xVal = sharedData
def test1(w, y):
return w+y
def test2(v):
global xVal
x = xVal.value
print('x in test2 = ', x)
return test1(x, v)
def test3():
xVal.value = 2
print('x in test3 = ', xVal.value)
y = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
with Pool(processes=6, initializer=sharedata,initargs=(xVal,)) as p:
z = p.map(test2, y)
print('x in test3 = ', xVal.value)
print(z)
if __name__ == '__main__':
xVal = Value('i', 0)
test3()