我运行以下程序,典型的控制台输出如下。
加权0的平均百分点是:57.935590153643616
意思 权重1的百分点是:42.06440984635654
为什么这些印刷品不太接近60和40?
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random rand = new Random();
int numCycles = 5000;
double[] weightings = {60.0, 40.0};
double[] weightedRandoms = new double[weightings.length];
double[] totPercentagePoints = {0.0, 0.0};
for (int j = 0; j < numCycles; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < weightings.length; k++) {
weightedRandoms[k] = (rand.nextInt(10) + 1) * weightings[k]; // +1 to the random integer to ensure that the weighting is not multiplied by 0
}
for (int k = 0; k < weightings.length; k++) {
totPercentagePoints[k] += weightedRandoms[k] / DoubleStream.of(weightedRandoms).sum() * 100;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < weightings.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Mean percentage points for weighting " + i + " is: " + totPercentagePoints[i] / numCycles);
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您正在估算100*E(X/(X+Y)]
和100*E(Y/(X+Y)]
其中X = 60*U(1,10)
和Y = 40*U(1,10)
(其中U(1,10)
是1,...,10上的离散均匀分布)。由于只有10 * 10 = 100种可能的方法来生成两个这样的统一变量,因此您可以计算每个这样的对的表达式,然后直接计算这些期望值。在Python中定义:
def f(x,y): return 60*x/(60*x + 40*y)
然后:
>>> sum(f(x,y) for x in range(1,11) for y in range(1,11))
58.36068355253924
请注意,您乘以的100取消了计算期望所需的1/100因子。
同样,如果你定义:
def g(x,y): return 40*y/(60*x + 40*y)
然后:
>>> sum(g(x,y) for x in range(1,11) for y in range(1,11))
41.639316447460756
这些与您观察的内容相符。