当我在一天前开始在.NET核心2.0上实现一个自包含的持有者auth webapi时，我认为我有一个非常简单的目标，但我还没有得到任何远程工作。这是我要做的事情的清单：
我完全可以在登录时构建身份/声明/主体并将其添加到请求上下文中，但我还没有看到如何在Core中发布和使用auth / refresh令牌的单个示例2.0没有身份的webapi。我已经看过没有Identity的1.x MSDN MSDN示例，但这并没有让我在理解上达到上述要求。
我觉得这可能是一种常见的情况而且不应该这么难（也许它不是，可能只是缺少文档/示例？）。据我所知，IdentityServer4与Core 2.0 Auth不兼容，opendiddict似乎需要Identity。我也不想在一个单独的进程中托管令牌端点，但是在同一个webapi实例中。
有人能指出一个具体的例子，或者至少就最佳步骤/选项提供一些指导吗？
答案 0 :(得分：18)
进行了编辑以使其与ASP.NET Core 2.0兼容。
首先，一些Nuget包：
然后是一些基本的数据传输对象。
// Presumably you will have an equivalent user account class with a user name.
public class User
{
public string UserName { get; set; }
}
public class JsonWebToken
{
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; } = "bearer";
public int expires_in { get; set; }
public string refresh_token { get; set; }
}
进入正确的功能，您需要一个登录/令牌Web方法来实际将授权令牌发送给用户。
[Route("api/token")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
private ITokenProvider _tokenProvider;
public TokenController(ITokenProvider tokenProvider) // We'll create this later, don't worry.
{
_tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
}
public JsonWebToken Get([FromQuery] string grant_type, [FromQuery] string username, [FromQuery] string password, [FromQuery] string refresh_token)
{
// Authenticate depending on the grant type.
User user = grant_type == "refresh_token" ? GetUserByToken(refresh_token) : GetUserByCredentials(username, password);
if (user == null)
throw new UnauthorizedAccessException("No!");
int ageInMinutes = 20; // However long you want...
DateTime expiry = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(ageInMinutes);
var token = new JsonWebToken {
access_token = _tokenProvider.CreateToken(user, expiry),
expires_in = ageInMinutes * 60
};
if (grant_type != "refresh_token")
token.refresh_token = GenerateRefreshToken(user);
return token;
}
private User GetUserByToken(string refreshToken)
{
// TODO: Check token against your database.
if (refreshToken == "test")
return new User { UserName = "test" };
return null;
}
private User GetUserByCredentials(string username, string password)
{
// TODO: Check username/password against your database.
if (username == password)
return new User { UserName = username };
return null;
}
private string GenerateRefreshToken(User user)
{
// TODO: Create and persist a refresh token.
return "test";
}
}
您可能已经注意到，令牌创建仍然只是一些想象中的ITokenProvider传递的“魔法”。定义令牌提供程序接口。
public interface ITokenProvider
{
string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry);
// TokenValidationParameters is from Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters();
}
我在JWT上使用RSA安全密钥实现了令牌创建。所以......
public class RsaJwtTokenProvider : ITokenProvider
{
private RsaSecurityKey _key;
private string _algorithm;
private string _issuer;
private string _audience;
public RsaJwtTokenProvider(string issuer, string audience, string keyName)
{
var parameters = new CspParameters { KeyContainerName = keyName };
var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048, parameters);
_key = new RsaSecurityKey(provider);
_algorithm = SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature;
_issuer = issuer;
_audience = audience;
}
public string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry)
{
JwtSecurityTokenHandler tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user.UserName, "jwt"));
// TODO: Add whatever claims the user may have...
SecurityToken token = tokenHandler.CreateJwtSecurityToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Audience = _audience,
Issuer = _issuer,
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(_key, _algorithm),
Expires = expiry.ToUniversalTime(),
Subject = identity
});
return tokenHandler.WriteToken(token);
}
public TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters()
{
return new TokenValidationParameters
{
IssuerSigningKey = _key,
ValidAudience = _audience,
ValidIssuer = _issuer,
ValidateLifetime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0) // Identity and resource servers are the same.
};
}
}
所以你现在正在生成令牌。是时候实际验证它们并将其连接起来了。转到Startup.cs。
在ConfigureServices()
var tokenProvider = new RsaJwtTokenProvider("issuer", "audience", "mykeyname");
services.AddSingleton<ITokenProvider>(tokenProvider);
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options => {
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.TokenValidationParameters = tokenProvider.GetValidationParameters();
});
// This is for the [Authorize] attributes.
services.AddAuthorization(auth => {
auth.DefaultPolicy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser()
.Build();
});
然后Configure()
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseAuthentication();
// Whatever else you're putting in here...
app.UseMvc();
}
那应该是你需要的一切。希望我没有错过任何东西。
幸福的结果是......
[Authorize] // Yay!
[Route("api/values")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
// ...
}
答案 1 :(得分：14)
关于@Mitch回答：Auth堆栈改变了很多，转向.NET Core 2.0。下面的答案就是使用新的实现。
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
cfg.SaveToken = true;
cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
ValidIssuer = "me",
ValidAudience = "you",
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")) //Secret
};
});
services.AddMvc();
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
}
}
令牌控制器
using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using JwtWithoutIdentity.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
public class TokenController : Controller
{
[AllowAnonymous]
[Route("api/token")]
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Token(LoginViewModel model)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid) return BadRequest("Token failed to generate");
var user = (model.Password == "password" && model.Username == "username");
if (!user) return Unauthorized();
//Add Claims
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.UniqueName, "data"),
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, "data"),
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
};
var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")); //Secret
var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
var token = new JwtSecurityToken("me",
"you",
claims,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
signingCredentials: creds);
return Ok(new JsonWebToken()
{
access_token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token),
expires_in = 600000,
token_type = "bearer"
});
}
}
}
值控制器
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
// GET api/values
[Authorize]
[HttpGet]
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
var name = User.Identity.Name;
var claims = User.Claims;
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}
希望这有帮助！