HTTP

Question

好吧，我只想制作以下简单的程序，尝试在443端口使用www.google.com创建https tunel。我首先尝试了以下代码：

import socket

def main():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect(("www.google.com", 80))
    request = "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\n\n"
    s.send(request.encode())
    print(s.recv(4096).decode())

main()

结果如下：

HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed

Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Referrer-Policy: no-referrer

Content-Length: 1592

Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 07:56:14 GMT

Connection: close



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=en>
  <meta charset=utf-8>
  <meta name=viewport content="initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, width=device-width">
  <title>Error 405 (Method Not Allowed)!!1</title>
  <style>
    *{margin:0;padding:0}html,code{font:15px/22px arial,sans-serif}html{background:#fff;color:#222;padding:15px}body{margin:7% auto 0;max-width:390px;min-height:180px;padding:30px 0 15px}* > body{background:url(//www.google.com/images/errors/robot.png) 100% 5px no-repeat;padding-right:205px}p{margin:11px 0 22px;overflow:hidden}ins{color:#777;text-decoration:none}a img{border:0}@media screen and (max-width:772px){body{background:none;margin-top:0;max-width:none;padding-right:0}}#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/1x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;margin-left:-5px}@media only screen and (min-resolution:192dpi){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat 0% 0%/100% 100%;-moz-border-image:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) 0}}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2){#logo{background:url(//www.google.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png) no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:100% 100%}}#logo{display:inline-block;height:54px;width:150px}
  </style>
  <a href=//www.google.com/><span id=logo aria-label=Google></span></a>
  <p><b>405.</b> <ins>That’s an error.</ins>
  <p>The request method <code>CONNECT</code> is inappropriate for the URL <code>/</code>.  <ins>That’s all we know.</ins>

这意味着服务器不允许执行此请求。所以我认为问题是端口号。所以我将其更改为443（这是https连接的端口）。代码是：

def main():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect(("www.google.com", 443))
    request = "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\n\n"
    s.send(request.encode())
    print(s.recv(4096).decode())

main()

但是它没有打印出应该做的有效的respnse。它给了我一个空洞的回应。问题是：“为什么会发生这种情况？我怎样才能让它正常工作？” 注意：我不想使用内置的urllib或urllib2库。我想用套接字做到这一点。

Answer 1

HTTP

在与端口80的原始连接中，您使用了错误的Host：

import socket


def main():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect(('google.com', 80))
    request = b'CONNECT google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'
    s.send(request)
    print(s.recv(4096).decode())

main()

响应：

HTTP/1.0 200 Connection established

立即使用GET方法：

request = b'GET http://google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'

响应与HTTPS请求相同，google.com主机因某种原因无效。

HTTPS

您应该将套接字包装在ssl隧道中（不确定是否正确的术语）以便使用HTTPS进行连接，并且GET方法可以在连接后立即使用：

import socket
import ssl


def main():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s = ssl.wrap_socket(s)
    s.connect(('google.com', 443))
    request = b'GET google.com HTTP/1.1\n\n'
    s.send(request)
    print(s.recv(4096).decode())

main()

响应：

HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Location: https://www.google.ru/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=WwCUWc66L6qB3APs7ZPABA
Content-Length: 259
Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 08:20:43 GMT
Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="39,38,37,35"

<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>302 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>302 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="https://www.google.ru/?gfe_rd=cr&amp;ei=WwCUWc66L6qB3APs7ZPABA">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>

没有有效响应的Python套接字HTTP 1.1 CONNECT请求

1 个答案:

HTTP

HTTPS