在Tensorflow的Kmeans的示例代码中,
在point_expanded中使用函数'tf.expand_dims'(将尺寸1插入张量的形状。)时,centroids_expanded 在计算tf.reduce_sum之前。
为什么它们在第二个参数中有不同的索引(0,1)?
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
points_n = 200
clusters_n = 3
iteration_n = 100
points = tf.constant(np.random.uniform(0, 10, (points_n, 2)))
centroids = tf.Variable(tf.slice(tf.random_shuffle(points), [0, 0],[clusters_n, -1]))
points_expanded = tf.expand_dims(points, 0)
centroids_expanded = tf.expand_dims(centroids, 1)
distances = tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(tf.subtract(points_expanded, centroids_expanded)), 2)
assignments = tf.argmin(distances, 0)
means = []
for c in range(clusters_n):
means.append(tf.reduce_mean(tf.gather(points,tf.reshape(tf.where(tf.equal(assignments, c)), [1, -1])), reduction_indices=[1]))
new_centroids = tf.concat(means,0)
update_centroids = tf.assign(centroids, new_centroids)
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)
for step in range(iteration_n):
[_, centroid_values, points_values, assignment_values] = sess.run([update_centroids, centroids, points, assignments])
print("centroids" + "\n", centroid_values)
plt.scatter(points_values[:, 0], points_values[:, 1], c=assignment_values, s=50, alpha=0.5)
plt.plot(centroid_values[:, 0], centroid_values[:, 1], 'kx', markersize=15)
plt.show()
答案 0 :(得分:0)
这样做是为了从每个点中减去每个质心。首先,确保你理解广播的概念(https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html)
从tf.subtract(https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/subtract)链接。然后,您只需要绘制points
,expanded_points
,centroids
和expanded_centroids
的形状,并了解哪些值“广播”在哪里。一旦你这样做,你会看到广播允许你准确计算你想要的东西 - 从每个质心中减去每个点。
作为一个完整性检查,由于有200个点,3个质心,每个都是2D,我们应该有200 * 3 * 2的差异。这正是我们得到的:
In [53]: points
Out[53]: <tf.Tensor 'Const:0' shape=(200, 2) dtype=float64>
In [54]: points_expanded
Out[54]: <tf.Tensor 'ExpandDims_4:0' shape=(1, 200, 2) dtype=float64>
In [55]: centroids
Out[55]: <tf.Variable 'Variable:0' shape=(3, 2) dtype=float64_ref>
In [56]: centroids_expanded
Out[56]: <tf.Tensor 'ExpandDims_5:0' shape=(3, 1, 2) dtype=float64>
In [57]: tf.subtract(points_expanded, centroids_expanded)
Out[57]: <tf.Tensor 'Sub_5:0' shape=(3, 200, 2) dtype=float64>
如果您在绘制形状时遇到问题,可以考虑将尺寸为expanded_points
的{{1}}广播到尺寸(1, 200, 2)
,以便沿第一维复制200x2矩阵3次。 (3, 200, 2)
(形状(3,1,2))中的3x2矩阵沿第二维复制200次。