我写了以下C代码。但是在运行时它为变量sb
提供了不正确的值,所以我尝试用GDB调试它,我发现int除E(vdes->addr, bs)
(#define E(X,Y) X/Y
)的汇编代码是完全不可理解,似乎没有做正确的事。
文件:main.c
typedef struct virtual_file_descriptor
{
int dfb;
int addr;
} vfd;
vfd vdes;
if(!strcmp(argv[1], "write")){
vdes.dfb = atoi(argv[2]);
vdes.addr = atoi(argv[3]);
vwrite(&vdes, inbuffer, atoi(argv[4]));
}
文件:vwrite.c
#define E(X,Y) X/Y
#define bs sizeof(D_Record)*MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
int vwrite(vfd *vdes, char *buffer, int size){
if(!vdes)
return -1;
int sb, nb, offset;
sb = E(vdes->addr, bs) + 1; // i did 140/280 => wrong result
offset = vdes->addr - (sb - 1) * bs;
printf("size=%d bs=%d addr=%d sb=%d offset=%d\n\n", size, bs, vdes->addr, sb, offset);
}
为int devision生成的汇编语言是(这是错误的,并且不包含任何进行算术划分的声音):
(gdb) n
58 sb = E(vdes->addr, bs) + 1;
(gdb) x/10i $pc
=> 0x80001c3d <vwrite+39>: mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x80001c40 <vwrite+42>: mov 0x4(%eax),%eax
0x80001c43 <vwrite+45>: shr $0x2,%eax
0x80001c46 <vwrite+48>: mov $0x24924925,%edx
0x80001c4b <vwrite+53>: mul %edx
0x80001c4d <vwrite+55>: mov %edx,%eax
0x80001c4f <vwrite+57>: shl $0x2,%eax
0x80001c52 <vwrite+60>: add %edx,%eax
0x80001c54 <vwrite+62>: add %eax,%eax
0x80001c56 <vwrite+64>: add $0x1,%eax
0x80001c59 <vwrite+67>: mov %eax,-0x2c(%ebp)
0x80001c5c <vwrite+70>: mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x80001c5f <vwrite+73>: mov 0x4(%eax),%eax
0x80001c62 <vwrite+76>: mov %eax,%edx
我将相同的代码序列复制到一个新的独立文件中,一切正常(正确的结果和正确的汇编代码)。所以我想知道为什么第一个代码不起作用?
文件:test.c
#define E(X,Y) X/Y
int main(int argc, char **argv){
int sb = E(atoi(argv[1]), atoi(argv[2]));
return 0;
}
为以前的代码生成的汇编代码(这是一个非常容易理解和正确的代码,用于执行int devision):
.
.
call atoi
.
call atoi
.
.
0x800005db <main+75>: mov %eax,%ecx
0x800005dd <main+77>: mov %edi,%eax
0x800005df <main+79>: cltd
0x800005e0 <main+80>: idiv %ecx
0x800005e2 <main+82>: mov %eax,-0x1c(%ebp)
答案 0 :(得分:10)
仅仅因为你没有看到sizeof(D_Record)*MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
指令或乍一看你无法理解代码并不意味着它是不正确的。编译器optimize divisions by constants乘以一个较大的因子,然后除以2的幂。
根据评论中的其他信息,我们知道bs过去被定义为E(vdes->addr, bs)
。该错误是vfs->address / sizeof(D_Record) * MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
宏扩展为(vfs->address / sizeof(D_Record)) * MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
,相当于E
。解决方案是在#define E(X, Y) ((X)/(Y))
的定义中添加括号以正确分组:
foo * E(bar, baz)
这也会在整个表达式周围添加括号以确保安全,因为否则您可能会遇到cpp
的类似问题。
此外,在跳转到反汇编之前,我建议您查看预处理来源,可以使用gcc -E
或clang -E
(或 $userService = $this->container->get('userservice');
$users = $userService->findAll();
foreach ($users as $user){
$usersWPoints = $user->getSubmissions()->getProblemId()->getPoints;
}
)来完成。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
最初的问题已经
#define bs 280
后来改为:
#define bs sizeof(D_Record)*MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
为了避免在其他表达式中使用bs的问题,这应该是
#define bs (sizeof(D_Record)*MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES)
E的定义应为:
#define E(X,Y) ((X)/(Y))
生成的汇编代码似乎基于
#define bs sizeof(D_Record)*MAX_BLOCK_ENTRIES
#define E(X,Y) X/Y
... E(vdes->addr, bs) ...
因此,使用shift和multiply除以28,然后乘以10.
mov 0x4(%eax),%eax ;eax = dividend
shr $0x2,%eax ;eax = dividend/4 (pre shift)
mov $0x24924925,%edx ;edx = multiply constant
mul %edx ;edx = dividend/28 (no post shift)
mov %edx,%eax ;eax = (dividend/28)*10
shl $0x2,%eax
add %edx,%eax
add %eax,%eax
对于eax = edx * 10序列,我不确定为什么没有使用lea:
lea (%edx,%edx,2),eax ;eax = edx*5
add %eax,%eax ;eax = edx*10
链接到先前的线程,并解释如何将除以常数转换为乘法和移位。
Why does GCC use multiplication by a strange number in implementing integer division?