Akka HTTP和Netty之间的差异

时间:2017-06-14 15:35:12

标签: netty akka-http

有人可以解释一下Akka HTTPNetty之间的主要区别吗? Netty还提供其他协议,如FTP。 Akka HTTP可以在Scala和Java中使用,并且是build on the actor model。但除此之外,两者都是异步的。什么时候我会使用Akka HTTP和Netty?两者的典型用例是什么?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

以下是我认为的主要可比区域:

编码样式

让我们来看看netty的discard server example,这可能是最简单的例子,因为它是文档中的第一个。

对于akka-http,这相对简单:

object WebServer {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {

    implicit val system = ActorSystem("my-system")
    implicit val materializer = ActorMaterializer()

    val route =
      extractRequestEntity { entity =>
        onComplete(entity.discardBytes(materializer)) { _ =>
          case _ => complete(StatusCodes.Ok)
        }
      }

    val bindingFuture = Http().bindAndHandle(route, "localhost", 8080)
}

对于netty来说,这更加冗长:

public class DiscardServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { // (1)

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { // (2)
        // Discard the received data silently.
        ((ByteBuf) msg).release(); // (3)
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { // (4)
        // Close the connection when an exception is raised.
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

public class DiscardServer {

    private int port;

    public DiscardServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void run() throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1)
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); // (2)
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
             .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // (3)
             .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { // (4)
                 @Override
                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                     ch.pipeline().addLast(new DiscardServerHandler());
                 }
             })
             .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)          // (5)
             .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (6)

            // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // (7)

            // Wait until the server socket is closed.
            // In this example, this does not happen, but you can do that to gracefully
            // shut down your server.
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        new DiscardServer(8080).run();
    }
}

<强>指令

在我看来,akka-http的最大优势之一是Directives,它为复杂的请求处理逻辑提供了DSL。例如,假设我们想要响应GETPUT请求的一条消息以及所有其他请求方法的另一条消息。使用Directives非常容易:

val route = 
  (get | put) {
    complete("You sent a GET or PUT")
  } ~ 
  complete("Shame shame")

如果您想从请求路径获取订单商品和数量:

val route = 
  path("order" / Segment / IntNumber) { (item, qty) =>
    complete(s"Your order: item: $item quantity: $qty")
  }

netty中不存在此功能。

<强>流

我要注意的最后一项是流媒体。 akka-http基于akka-stream。因此,akka-http很好地处理了请求实体的流媒体特性。以netty的Looking Into the Received Data为例,对于akka,这看起来像是

//a stream with a Source, intermediate processing steps, and a Sink
val entityToConsole : (RequestEntity) => Future[Done] =
  (_ : RequestEntity)
    .getDataBytes()
    .map(_.utf8String)
    .to(Sink.foreach[String](println))
    .run()

val route = 
  extractRequestEntity { entity =>
    onComplete(entityToConsole(entity)) { _ =>
      case Success(_) => complete(200, "all data written to console")
      case Failure(_) => complete(404, "problem writing to console)
    }
  }

Netty必须处理字节缓冲区和while循环的相同问题:

@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
    ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;
    try {
        while (in.isReadable()) { // (1)
            System.out.print((char) in.readByte());
            System.out.flush();
        }
    } finally {
        ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg); // (2)
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

Akka HTTP Server是具有高级DSL的HTTP和WebSocket服务器。 Netty是一个低级的“异步事件驱动的网络应用程序框架”,可以实现所需的任何TCP / UDP协议。

因此,除非需要一些底层网络,否则不应该使用纯Netty。使用Netty的Akka HTTP等效项将类似于Netty Reactor,而在它们之上的更高级别可能类似于Spring WebFlux。

另一方面,Akka-HTTP基于Akka Actors,这是一个建议特定应用程序模型的框架。另外,Akka依赖于Scala,如果您已经知道Scala或在调试应用程序时不准备学习Scala,这可能会影响决策。