python:在true_divide中遇到无效值 - 但在哪里?

时间:2017-06-01 19:13:08

标签: python numpy scientific-computing

我对以下问题有疑问:

我想绘制以下简单函数:

f(x)= x_1 * x_2 /(x_1 ^ 2 + x_2 ^ 2)

如果x& y为零,你将除以零,所以我添加了一个例外来防止这种情况:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

def f(x1, x2):
    return np.where(np.logical_and(x1==0,x2==0),
                    0,
                    x1*x2/(x1*x1+x2*x2))

n = 3 
x = y = np.linspace(-5,5,n)
xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y)
z = f(xv,yv)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(xv,yv,z)
plt.show()

我的数字是情节,如果我检查我的解决方案,它似乎也是正确的。但是,如果我运行代码,我会得到一个除法错误:

RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in true_divide

我手动测试了np.where函数,它返回x_1 = x_2 = 0值为true。这似乎有效。

有人知道这个警告来自哪里吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

正如已经指出的那样,您将使用np.where()评估每个案例。为了避免错误,只需将其编码为较低级别,例如

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

def f(x1, x2):
    shape = np.shape(x1) 
    y = np.zeros(shape)
    for i in range(0,shape[0]):
        for j in range(0,shape[1]):
            if x1[i,j]!=0 and x2[i,j]!=0:
                y[i,j] = x1[i,j]*x2[i,j]/(x1[i,j]*x1[i,j]+x2[i,j]*x2[i,j])
    return y

n = 3 
x = y = np.linspace(-5,5,n)
xv, yv = np.meshgrid(x, y)
z = f(xv,yv)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(xv,yv,z)
plt.show()