这不是基于单个值向上或向下舍入的常规舍入事物。 我想要一个函数,我将整数和面值的数量作为整数数组传递。 该函数应返回给我的是一个最接近的可能整数值,可通过传递的面额数来实现。 是否向上舍入或向下舍入将再次作为参数发送。
代码:
var amount = 61; // for. e.g.
int[] denoms = [20, 50]; // for. e.g.
bool roundUp = true;
amount = RoundAmount(amount, denoms, roundUp);
预期结果:
RoundAmount
函数应该返回我已经通过的denom可实现的最接近的可能数量。
roundUp = true
,则返回值应为70
,因为70 = 20+50
金额70
可以用一张20分和一张50分来表示。roundUp = false
,它应该已返回60
,因为60 =
20+20+20
和金额60
可以通过3个20分的笔记来实现到目前为止我得到了什么:
我只能达到能够根据单个整数(而不是整数数组)向上或向下舍入数量的程度
public int RoundAmount(int amount, int value, bool roundUp)
{
if (roundUp)
amount = amount - (amount % value) + value;
else
amount = amount - (amount % value)
return amount;
}
修改:
我有另一个递归函数来检查金额是否可以实现,
只有在无法实现金额的情况下,才会调用RoundAmount
函数。
因此,在我的示例中,amount = 70
永远不会成为输入,因为70
可以通过可用的denoms实现,在这种情况下我不会调用RoundAmount
。
解决方案:(感谢maraca和Koray)
我很高兴它使用long
数字,虽然这不是原始要求。
private static long RoundAmount_maraca(long a, long[] d, bool up)
{
d = d.ToArray();
Array.Sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
long count = 0;
for (long i = 0; i < d.Length; i++)
{
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
for (long j = i + 1; j < d.Length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
long gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (long i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (long i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
var set = new HashSet<long>();
set.Add(0);
long last = 0;
for (long n = d[0]; ; n++)
{
if (!up && n > a)
return last * gcd;
for (long i = 0; i < count && n - d[i] >= 0; i++)
{
if (set.Contains(n - d[i]))
{
if (n >= a)
return n * gcd;
if ((a - n) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
set.Add(n);
last = n;
break;
}
}
}
}
private static long euclid(long a, long b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
long h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
我假设您正在寻找具有相对少量面额b
(例如少于100种面额)的高性能解决方案。虽然a
金额和面额d[i]
可能非常大(例如小于10 ^ 6)。
排序d
升序并删除重复项。向下舍入时只保留小于或等于a
的值,当向上舍入时,只保留大于或等于a
的最小值,并丢弃较大的值。
(可选)删除所有其他数字O(b ^ 2)的倍数。
计算面额的最大公约数gcd
。您可以使用欧几里德算法从前两个数字开始,然后计算结果的最大公约数和第三个数字,依此类推。当然,你可以在到达时立即停止。
将a
除以gcd
,就像你要对结果进行舍入一样(使用整数除法,向下舍入:a /= gcd
,向上舍入:a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd
) 。
将所有面额除以gcd
(d[i] /= gcd
)。现在所有面额的最大公约数是1,因此保证存在Frobenius数(所有数量都大于该数,可以建立并且不需要舍入)。在执行此操作时,您还可以检查新值是否导致a % d[i] == 0
,如果是,则立即返回a * gcd
。
为可以构建的值创建哈希set
。它比数组更好,因为数组可能会浪费大量空间(请记住Frobenius数字)。在集合中添加零。
为当前数字创建变量n
,使用最小面额进行初始化:n = d[0]
。
如果可以使用任何可用的面额构建n
,换句话说set
包含n - d[i]
中的任何一个,则继续执行下一步。否则,将n
增加一个并重复此步骤,除非n == a
并且您正在向下舍入,然后您可以立即返回可以构建的最后一个数字乘以gcd
。您也可以每次从n - d[b - 1]
删除set
,因为此值不再被请求。
如果n >= a
返回n * gcd
(在向上舍入时只能为true,则舍入将在步骤8中返回结果)。否则(a - n) % d[0] == 0
返回a * gcd
。这个检查甚至比查找Frobenius数字(可以构建d[0] - 1
个连续值之后的数字)更好,它或多或少是等价的(d[0] - 1
连续值表示其中一个之间的差异并且a
modulo d[0]
必须为零)但可以更快地返回。否则将n
增加1并继续执行步骤8.
d = {4,6}和a = 9999(或任何其他大奇数)的示例显示了该算法的优点。很容易看出奇数永远不会被建立,我们会用除了2之外的所有偶数来填满整个集合。但是如果我们除以gcd,我们得到d = {2,3}和aUp = 5000并且aDown = 4999 。{2,3}的Frobenius数是1(唯一不能建的数),所以在最多3个(覆盖所有模数的第一个数)步骤(而不是10000)之后,模数将为零,我们会返回一个* gcd,根据舍入方向给出9998或10000,这是正确的结果。
这是包含测试的代码。我在我糟糕的笔记本上进行了六次跑步,花了90,92,108,94,96和101秒(编辑:如果当前面额大于当前数字&& n - d[i] >= 0
的话,早期循环逃脱减半对于7200次随机舍入(每个方向3600次),并且使用不同面额(范围2到100),dMax(范围100到10 ^ 6)和dMax(范围100到10 ^ 6)的组合,给出平均约 45s 。 aMax(范围10 ^ 4到10 ^ 6),(参见底部代码的确切值)。我认为随机数生成和输出的时间可以忽略不计,因此使用此输入和给定范围,算法平均每秒 160个数字(编辑:快三十倍)以下版本)。
public static final int round(int a, int[] d, boolean up) {
d = d.clone(); // otherwise input gets changed
Arrays.sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
int gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
set.add(0);
int last = 0;
for (int n = d[0];; n++) {
if (!up && n > a)
return last * gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count && n - d[i] >= 0; i++) {
if (set.contains(n - d[i])) {
if (n >= a)
return n * gcd;
if ((a - n) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
set.add(n);
last = n;
break;
}
}
}
}
public static final int euclid(int a, int b) {
while (b != 0) {
int h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
public static final int REPEAT = 100;
public static final int[] D_COUNT = {2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100};
public static final int[] D_MAX = {100, 10000, 1000000};
public static final int[] A_MAX = {10000, 1000000};
public static void main(String[] args) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < REPEAT; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < D_COUNT.length; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < D_MAX.length; k++) {
for (int l = 0; l < A_MAX.length; l++) {
int[] d = new int[D_COUNT[j]];
for (int m = 0; m < d.length; m++)
d[m] = r.nextInt(D_MAX[k]);
int a = r.nextInt(A_MAX[l]);
System.out.println(round(a, d, false));
System.out.println(round(a, d, true));
}
}
}
}
System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000 + " seconds");
}
事实证明 @ Koray的编辑7对于给定的输入来说快了大约三倍(仅对于非常大的gcds,我上面的算法更快)。因此,要获得最终算法,我将算法的动态编程部分替换为@Koray (有一些改进)。它起作用,它比编辑7快大约十倍,并且比上面的算法快三十倍。这将给出 5000每秒舍入(非常粗略估计)。
private static int round(int a, int[] d, boolean up) {
d = d.clone();
Arrays.sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) {
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.length; j++)
if (d[j] > 0 && d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
int gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (gcd > 1) {
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
}
int best = !up ? d[count - 1] : ((a + d[0] - 1) / d[0] * d[0]);
if (d[count - 1] > a) {
if (d[count - 1] < best)
best = d[count - 1];
count--;
}
Stack<Integer> st = new Stack<Integer>();
BitSet ba = new BitSet(a + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
ba.set(d[i]);
st.push(d[i]);
}
while (st.size() > 0) {
int v1 = st.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
int val = v1 + d[i];
if (val <= a && !ba.get(val)) {
if ((a - val) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
ba.set(val, true);
st.push(val);
if (!up && val > best)
best = val;
} else if (val > a) {
if (up && val < best)
best = val;
break;
}
}
}
return best * gcd;
}
答案 1 :(得分:3)
我以简单的方式尝试过它。我希望我没有理解错误的问题,这不是太愚蠢:))
private static void test()
{
var amount = 61;
int[] denoms = new int[] { 20, 50 };
int up = RoundAmount(amount, denoms, true);//->70
int down = RoundAmount(amount, denoms, false);//->60
}
private static int RoundAmount(int amount, int[] denoms, bool roundUp)
{
HashSet<int> hs = new HashSet<int>(denoms);
bool added = true;
while (added)
{
added = false;
var arr = hs.ToArray();
foreach (int v1 in arr)
foreach (int v2 in arr)
if ((v1 < amount) && (v2 < amount) && (hs.Add(v1 + v2)))
added = true;
}
int retval = roundUp ? int.MaxValue : int.MinValue;
foreach (int v in hs)
{
if (roundUp)
{
if ((v < retval) && (v >= amount))
retval = v;
}
else
{
if ((v > retval) && (v <= amount))
retval = v;
}
}
return retval;
}
如果此功能不符合要求或有问题,请通知我。在不知道原因的情况下进行投票让我感觉很糟糕。感谢。
编辑7 - 如果存在“0”denom,编辑6有一个错误。我详细检查了@ maraca的代码(我觉得它很棒),并且对此有所启发,我对代码进行了一些优化。以下是性能比较。 (我试图将maraca的代码转换为c#,我希望我做得对。)
private static int REPEAT = 100;
private static int[] D_COUNT = { 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 };
private static int[] D_MAX = { 100, 10000, 1000000 };
private static int[] A_MAX = { 10000, 1000000 };
private static void testR()
{
Random r = new Random();
long wMaraca = 0;
long wKoray = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < REPEAT; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < D_COUNT.Length; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < D_MAX.Length; k++)
{
for (int l = 0; l < A_MAX.Length; l++)
{
int[] d = new int[D_COUNT[j]];
for (int m = 0; m < d.Length; m++)
d[m] = r.Next(D_MAX[k]);
int a = r.Next(A_MAX[l]);
Stopwatch maraca = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int m1 = RoundAmount_maraca(a, d, false);
int m2 = RoundAmount_maraca(a, d, true);
maraca.Stop();
wMaraca += maraca.ElapsedMilliseconds;
Stopwatch koray = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int k1 = RoundAmount_koray(a, d, false);
int k2 = RoundAmount_koray(a, d, true);
koray.Stop();
wKoray += koray.ElapsedMilliseconds;
if ((m1 != k1) || (m2 != k2))
{
throw new Exception("something is wrong!");
}
}
}
}
}
//some results with debug compile
//try1
//maraca: 50757 msec
//koray: 19188 msec
//try2
//maraca: 52623 msec
//koray: 19102 msec
//try3
//maraca: 57139 msec
//koray: 18952 msec
//try4
//maraca: 64911 msec
//koray: 21070 msec
}
private static int RoundAmount_koray(int amount, int[] denoms, bool roundUp)
{
List<int> lst = denoms.ToList();
lst.Sort();
if (amount < lst[0])
return roundUp ? lst[0] : 0;
HashSet<int> hs = new HashSet<int>();
for (int i = 0, count = lst.Count; i < count; i++)
{
int v = lst[i];
if (v != 0)
{
if (v > amount && !roundUp)
break;
if (hs.Add(v))
{
if (amount % v == 0)
return amount;
else
for (int j = i + 1; j < count; j++)
if (lst[j] != 0)
if (v % lst[j] == 0)
lst[j] = 0;
else if (amount % (v + lst[j]) == 0)
return amount;
}
}
}
denoms = hs.ToArray();
HashSet<int> hsOK = new HashSet<int>(denoms);
Stack<int> st = new Stack<int>(denoms);
BitArray ba = new BitArray(amount + denoms.Max() * 2 + 1);
int minOK = amount - denoms.Min();
while (st.Count > 0)
{
int v1 = st.Pop();
foreach (int v2 in denoms)
{
int val = v1 + v2;
if (!ba.Get(val))
{
if (amount % val == 0)
return amount;
ba.Set(val, true);
if (val < amount)
st.Push(val);
if (val >= minOK)
hsOK.Add(val);
}
}
}
if (!roundUp)
{
int retval = 0;
foreach (int v in hsOK)
if (v > retval && v <= amount)
retval = v;
return retval;
}
else
{
int retval = int.MaxValue;
foreach (int v in hsOK)
if (v < retval && v >= amount)
retval = v;
return retval;
}
}
private static int RoundAmount_maraca(int a, int[] d, bool up)
{
d = d.ToArray();
Array.Sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.Length; i++)
{
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.Length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
int gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
var set = new HashSet<int>();
set.Add(0);
int last = 0;
for (int n = d[0]; ; n++)
{
if (!up && n > a)
return last * gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count && n - d[i] >= 0; i++)
{
if (set.Contains(n - d[i]))
{
if (n >= a)
return n * gcd;
if ((a - n) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
set.Add(n);
last = n;
break;
}
}
}
}
private static int euclid(int a, int b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
int h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
编辑 - c#中的Maraca
Maraca的最后编辑明显优于所有!我试图准备一个更好的c#转换他的代码+添加了一个ulong版本。 (int版本比ulong版本快〜1.6倍)
#region maraca int
private static int RoundAmount_maraca(int a, int[] d0, bool up)
{
int[] d = new int[d0.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(d0, 0, d, 0, d.Length * sizeof(int));
Array.Sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.Length; i++)
{
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.Length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
int gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
int best = !up ? d[count - 1] : ((a + d[0] - 1) / d[0] * d[0]);
if (d[count - 1] > a)
{
if (d[count - 1] < best)
best = d[count - 1];
count--;
}
var st = new Stack<int>();
BitArray ba = new BitArray(a+1);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
ba.Set(d[i], true);
st.Push(d[i]);
}
while (st.Count > 0)
{
int v1 = st.Pop();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
int val = v1 + d[i];
if (val <= a && !ba.Get(val))
{
if ((a - val) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
ba.Set(val, true);
st.Push(val);
if (!up && val > best)
best = val;
}
else if (up && val > a && val < best)
best = val;
}
}
return best * gcd;
}
private static int euclid(int a, int b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
int h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
#endregion
#region maraca ulong
private static ulong RoundAmount_maraca_ulong(ulong a, ulong[] d0, bool up)
{
ulong[] d = new ulong[d0.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(d0, 0, d, 0, d.Length * sizeof(ulong));
Array.Sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0ul;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.Length; i++)
{
if (d[i] == 0ul)
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.Length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0ul)
d[j] = 0ul;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1ul)) / d[0] * d[0];
ulong gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1ul) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0ul)
return a * gcd;
}
ulong best = !up ? d[count - 1] : ((a + d[0] - 1ul) / d[0] * d[0]);
if (d[count - 1] > a)
{
if (d[count - 1] < best)
best = d[count - 1];
count--;
}
var st = new Stack<ulong>();
UlongBitArray ba = new UlongBitArray(a + 1ul);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
ba.Set(d[i], true);
st.Push(d[i]);
}
while (st.Count > 0)
{
ulong v1 = st.Pop();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
ulong val = v1 + d[i];
if (val <= a && !ba.Get(val))
{
if ((a - val) % d[0] == 0ul)
return a * gcd;
ba.Set(val, true);
st.Push(val);
if (!up && val > best)
best = val;
}
else if (up && val > a && val < best)
best = val;
}
}
return best * gcd;
}
private static ulong euclid(ulong a, ulong b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
ulong h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
class UlongBitArray
{
ulong[] bits;
public UlongBitArray(ulong length)
{
this.bits = new ulong[(length - 1ul) / 32ul + 1ul];
}
public bool Get(ulong index)
{
return (this.bits[index / 32ul] & (1ul << (int)(index % 32ul))) > 0ul;
}
public void Set(ulong index, bool val)
{
if (val)
this.bits[index / 32ul] |= 1ul << (int)(index % 32ul);
else
this.bits[index / 32ul] &= ~(1ul << (int)(index % 32ul));
}
}
#endregion
编辑8
我做了一些改进,并且在随机测试中表现优于@ maraca的最新更新:)如果您选择使用我的自定义堆栈类,请在发布模式下进行测量。 (这个自定义堆栈类在调试模式下当然要慢得多,但在重新模式下比.NET快5-15倍。在我使用.NET Stack类的测试中没有改变两者之间的性能比较,它只是一个额外的提升。 )
private delegate int RoundAmountDelegate(int amount, int[] denoms, bool roundUp);
private static int REPEAT = 100;
private static int[] D_COUNT = { 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 };
private static int[] D_MAX = { 100, 10000, 1000000 };
private static int[] A_MAX = { 10000, 1000000 };
private static void testR()
{
#if DEBUG
while (true)
#endif
{
Random r = new Random();
long wT1 = 0; RoundAmountDelegate func1 = RoundAmount_maraca;
long wT2 = 0; RoundAmountDelegate func2 = RoundAmount_koray;
for (int i = 0; i < REPEAT; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < D_COUNT.Length; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < D_MAX.Length; k++)
{
for (int l = 0; l < A_MAX.Length; l++)
{
int[] d = new int[D_COUNT[j]];
ulong[] dl = new ulong[D_COUNT[j]];
for (int m = 0; m < d.Length; m++)
{
d[m] = r.Next(D_MAX[k]) + 1;
dl[m] = (ulong)d[m];
}
int a = r.Next(A_MAX[l]);
ulong al = (ulong)a;
Stopwatch w1 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int m1 = func1(a, d, false);
int m2 = func1(a, d, true);
w1.Stop();
wT1 += w1.ElapsedMilliseconds;
Stopwatch w2 = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int k1 = func2(a, d, false);
int k2 = func2(a, d, true);
w2.Stop();
wT2 += w2.ElapsedMilliseconds;
if ((m1 != k1) || (m2 != k2))
{
#if !DEBUG
MessageBox.Show("error");
#else
throw new Exception("something is wrong!");
#endif
}
}
}
}
}
//some results with release compile
//maraca: 1085 msec
//koray(with .NET Stack<int>): 801 msec
//maraca: 1127 msec
//koray(with .NET Stack<int>): 741 msec
//maraca: 989 msec
//koray(with .NET Stack<int>): 736 msec
//maraca: 962 msec
//koray(with .NET Stack<int>): 632 msec
//-------------------------------------------
//maraca: 1045 msec
//koray(with custom stack): 674 msec
//maraca: 1060 msec
//koray(with custom stack): 606 msec
//maraca: 1175 msec
//koray(with custom stack): 711 msec
//maraca: 878 msec
//koray(with custom stack): 699 msec
#if !DEBUG
MessageBox.Show(wT1 + " " + wT2 + " %" + (double)wT2 / (double)wT1 * 100d);
#endif
}
}
#region Koray
private static int RoundAmount_koray(int amount, int[] denoms, bool roundUp)
{
int[] sorted = new int[denoms.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(denoms, 0, sorted, 0, sorted.Length * sizeof(int));
Array.Sort(sorted);
int minD = sorted[0];
if (amount < minD)
return roundUp ? minD : 0;
HashSet<int> hs = new HashSet<int>();
for (int i = 0, count = sorted.Length; i < count; i++)
{
int v = sorted[i];
if (v != 0)
{
if (!roundUp && v > amount)
break;
else if (hs.Add(v))
{
if (amount % v == 0)
return amount;
else
for (int j = i + 1; j < count; j++)
if (sorted[j] != 0)
if (v % sorted[j] == 0)
sorted[j] = 0;
else if (amount % (v + sorted[j]) == 0)
return amount;
}
}
}
denoms = new int[hs.Count];
int k = 0;
foreach (var v in hs)
denoms[k++] = v;
HashSet<int> hsOK = new HashSet<int>(denoms);
stack st = new stack(denoms);
//Stack<int> st = new Stack<int>(denoms);
BitArray ba = new BitArray(amount + denoms[denoms.Length - 1] * 2 + 1);
int minOK = roundUp ? amount : amount - minD;
int maxOK = roundUp ? amount + minD : amount;
while (st.Count > 0)
{
int v1 = st.Pop();
foreach (int v2 in denoms)
{
int val = v1 + v2;
if (val <= maxOK)
{
if (!ba.Get(val))
{
if (amount % val == 0)
return amount;
int diff = amount - val;
if (diff % v1 == 0 || diff % v2 == 0)
return amount;
ba.Set(val, true);
if (val < amount)
st.Push(val);
if (val >= minOK)
hsOK.Add(val);
}
}
else
break;
}
}
if (!roundUp)
{
int retval = 0;
foreach (int v in hsOK)
if (v > retval && v <= amount)
retval = v;
return retval;
}
else
{
int retval = int.MaxValue;
foreach (int v in hsOK)
if (v < retval && v >= amount)
retval = v;
return retval;
}
}
private sealed class stack
{
int[] _array;
public int Count;
public stack()
{
this._array = new int[0];
}
public stack(int[] arr)
{
this.Count = arr.Length;
this._array = new int[this.Count*2];
Buffer.BlockCopy(arr, 0, this._array, 0, this.Count * sizeof(int));
}
public void Push(int item)
{
if (this.Count == this._array.Length)
{
int[] destinationArray = new int[2 * this.Count];
Buffer.BlockCopy(this._array, 0, destinationArray, 0, this.Count * sizeof(int));
this._array = destinationArray;
}
this._array[this.Count++] = item;
}
public int Pop()
{
return this._array[--this.Count];
}
}
#endregion
#region Maraca
private static int RoundAmount_maraca(int a, int[] d0, bool up)
{
int[] d = new int[d0.Length];
Buffer.BlockCopy(d0, 0, d, 0, d.Length * sizeof(int));
Array.Sort(d);
if (a < d[0])
return up ? d[0] : 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < d.Length; i++)
{
if (d[i] == 0)
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < d.Length; j++)
if (d[j] % d[i] == 0)
d[j] = 0;
if (d[i] > a && !up)
break;
d[count++] = d[i];
if (d[i] > a)
break;
}
if (count == 1)
return (!up ? a : (a + d[0] - 1)) / d[0] * d[0];
int gcd = euclid(d[1], d[0]);
for (int i = 2; i < count && gcd > 1; i++)
gcd = euclid(d[i], gcd);
if (up)
a = (a + gcd - 1) / gcd;
else
a /= gcd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
d[i] /= gcd;
if (a % d[i] == 0)
return a * gcd;
}
int best = !up ? d[count - 1] : ((a + d[0] - 1) / d[0] * d[0]);
if (d[count - 1] > a)
{
if (d[count - 1] < best)
best = d[count - 1];
count--;
}
var st = new Stack<int>();
BitArray ba = new BitArray(a + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
ba.Set(d[i], true);
st.Push(d[i]);
}
while (st.Count > 0)
{
int v1 = st.Pop();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
int val = v1 + d[i];
if (val <= a && !ba.Get(val))
{
if ((a - val) % d[0] == 0)
return a * gcd;
ba.Set(val, true);
st.Push(val);
if (!up && val > best)
best = val;
}
else if (up && val > a && val < best)
best = val;
}
}
return best * gcd;
}
private static int euclid(int a, int b)
{
while (b != 0)
{
int h = a % b;
a = b;
b = h;
}
return a;
}
#endregion
答案 2 :(得分:2)
这是一个标准的背包问题,你可以谷歌它来参考其维基页面的概念。
我认为您的问题可以分为两部分。
为背包做背包。
使用f[i]
表示用于构建金额i
的最后一个面额,而f[i]==-1
表示i
无法获取。
fill f with -1
f[0] = 0
for i from 0 to target_amount + min(denoms) - 1
for j from 0 to denoms.size()
if f[i - denoms[j]] != -1
{
f[i] = denoms[j]
break
}
根据roundUp
查找最近的金额。
roundUp == true
从target_amount
开始,升序找到f[i]
不是-1
。
roundUp == false
从target_amount
开始,向后搜索f[i]
,而不是-1
。
可选:找出构建目标金额的面额
回溯您的f[target_amount]
。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
使用可能的硬币组合(标准动态编程问题)填充长度为amount + smallestdenomination + 1
的数组。
然后从amount
索引向四舍五入的方向走这个数组。
Delphi示例
var
A : array of Integer;
Denoms: array of Integer;
coin, amount, idx, i, Maxx: Integer;
roundUp: Boolean;
s: string;
begin
amount := 29;
SetLength(Denoms, 2);
Denoms[0] := 7;
Denoms[1] := 13;
Maxx := amount + MinIntValue(Denoms);
SetLength(A, Maxx + 1);
A[0] := 1;
for coin in Denoms do begin
for i := 0 to Maxx - coin do
if A[i] <> 0 then
A[i + coin] := coin;
end;
roundUp := True;
idx := amount;
i := 2 * Ord(roundUp) - 1;// 1 for roundUp=true, -1 for false
while A[idx] = 0 do //scan for nonzero entry
idx := idx + i;
s := '';
while idx > 0 do begin //roll back to get components of this sum
s := s + Format('%d ', [A[idx]]);
idx := idx - A[idx];
end;
Memo1.Lines.Add(s);
为13 13 7
和roundUp := True;
输出7 7 7 7
组合。
(代码不寻求&#34;最佳&#34;解决方案)
硬币3和5的例子:
[0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 3, 0, 5, 3, 5]
要查找制作单元格8的硬币,请按单元格值逐步降低:按5然后按3。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
Coin Problem是一个研究得很好的主题,我想参考一些你可能找到更好解决方案的论文:
此外,使用C#(静态类型语言)将限制您使用最有效的算法而非动态类型语言。如果您打算沿着这条路走下去,可以查看这个网站The Frobenius problem。你可以右键单击并检查代码(虽然我真的不太了解没有javascript经验)
无论如何,这就是我在C#中解决问题的方法:
private static List<int> _denominations = new List<int>() { 1000, 5000 };
private static int _denominationMin = _denominations[0];
static void Main()
{
bool roundDown = false;
Console.WriteLine("Enter number: ");
int input = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
if(roundDown)
{
for(int i = input; i > _denominationMin; i--)
{
if(Check(0,0,i))
{
Console.WriteLine("Number: {0}", i);
break;
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i = input; i < int.MaxValue; i++)
{
if (Check(0, 0, i))
{
Console.WriteLine("Number: {0}", i);
break;
}
}
}
Console.Read();
}
static bool Check(int highest, int sum, int goal)
{
//Bingo!
if (sum == goal)
{
return true;
}
//Oops! exceeded here
if (sum > goal)
{
return false;
}
// Loop through _denominations.
foreach (int value in _denominations)
{
// Add higher or equal amounts.
if (value >= highest)
{
if(Check(value, sum + value, goal))
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
对于输入19999,{4,6}工作得很好,所以我认为不是那么糟糕。肯定有改进的余地,不会遇到Stackoverflow Exception
。一个可以输入一半或四分之一。或者减去具有子集为面额的因子的数字。此外,重要的是将面额排序并且不包含另一个条目E.x的倍数。 {4,6,8} - &gt; {4,6}。
无论如何,如果我有时间,我会尽力提高效率。只是想提供一个替代解决方案。