我是52岁男子，正在努力学习python。我正在尝试创建一个数据库来存储有关吸烟管集合的信息。我暂时使用搁置来存储数据。当我重新打开货架时，我无法从物体中获取属性。
`import shelve
Yes = ['Y', 'Yes', 'yes', 'y']
No = ['N', 'No', 'no', 'n']
Q = ['Q', 'q', 'Quit', 'quit', 'exit', 'Exit']
"""
Create a Database for storing one's smoking pipes
"""
# Create a Pipe Class in Python
class Pipe:
def __init__(self, name='', maker='', shape='', store='', buyyear=0):
Pipe.name = name
Pipe.maker = maker
Pipe.shape = shape
Pipe.store = store
Pipe.buyyear = buyyear
def printpipe(Pipe):
print('\n', '-' * 50, '\n')
print("Pipe's name is:\t\t\t\t %s" % Pipe.name)
print("Pipe's maker is:\t\t\t %s" % Pipe.maker)
print("Pipe's shape is:\t\t\t %s" % Pipe.shape)
print("You bought this pipe at:\t\t %s" % Pipe.store)
print("You bought your pipe in:\t\t %s" % Pipe.buyyear)
print('\n', '-' * 50, '\n')
def addpipe():
# First, gather information on the new pipe
db = shelve.open('pipedb')
while True:
newname = input('\nEnter your name for the pipe '
'(Enter Q to go back to homepage): ')
if newname in db:
print("\nA Pipe having that name already exists"
" in the database, try again")
continue
elif newname in Q:
break
else:
NewPipe = Pipe()
NewPipe.name = newname
NewPipe.maker = input(
'Enter the carver or manufacturer of the pipe: ')
NewPipe.shape = input('Enter your shape of the pipe: ')
NewPipe.store = input('Enter where you bought the pipe: ')
NewPipe.buyyear = input('Enter the year you bought the pipe: ')
# Print Pipe's information
NewPipe.printpipe()
# Store Pipe in the Shelve
db[newname] = NewPipe
db.close()
break
def displaypipe():
# Display pipes in the user's connection
print('These are the Pipes in your Database')
db = shelve.open('pipedb') # Reopen the shelve
print('There are ', len(db), ' pipes in database \n')
for k in db:
dpipe = db[k]
dpipe.printpipe()
db.close()
def searchpipe():
# Search for a Pipe in the collection
db = shelve.open('pipedb') # Reopen the shelve
while True:
key = input('\nEnter the Name of Pipe you are searching for? => ')
if key in db:
db[key].printpipe()
else:
print('No such Pipe "%s"!' % key)
again = input("\n Do you to search again? Y or N ==>")
if again in No:
break
elif again in Yes:
continue
else:
print("\n I didn't quite get that, try again. \n")
continue
db.close()
def editpipe():
db = shelve.open('pipedb')
def change():
setattr(pedit, value, pnew)
db[pname] = pedit
db[pname].printpipe()
while True:
pname = input('\nEnter your name for the pipe you want to edit '
'(Enter Q to go back to homepage): ')
if pname in Q:
break
elif pname not in db:
print("\ No such Pipe exists"
" in the database, try again")
continue
else:
pedit = db[pname]
print("What would you like to edit\n")
print("-" * 50, "\n")
print("1. Name?\t Enter '1'\n")
print("2. Maker?\t Enter '2'\n")
print("3. Shape?\t Enter '3'\n")
print("4. Store?\t Enter '4'\n")
print("5. Buy Year?\t Enter '5'\n")
print("Quit?\t Enter 'Q' \n")
q = input("Enter your selection =>")
if q == "1":
value = 'name'
pnew = input("Enter new name for this Pipe => ")
change()
db[pnew] = db.pop(pname)
break
elif q == "2":
value = 'maker'
pnew = input("Enter new maker for this Pipe => ")
change()
break
elif q == "3":
value = 'shape'
pnew = input("Enter new shape for this Pipe => ")
change()
break
elif q == "4":
value = 'store'
pnew = input("Enter new store for this Pipe => ")
change()
elif q == "5":
value = 'buyyear'
pnew = input("Enter new buy year for this Pipe => ")
change()
elif q in Q:
break
else:
print("\n I didn't quite get that, try again. \n")
continue
db.close()
print("WELCOME TO BO\'S PIPE DATABASE \n")
while True:
# Ask the user what he wants to do?
print("What would you like to do?\n")
print("-" * 50, "\n")
print("1. Display all the Pipes in your collection?\t\t\t Enter '1'\n")
print("2. Add a new Pipe to your collection?\t\t\t\t Enter '2'\n")
print("3. Search for a paticular Pipe in your"
" collection by name?\t Enter '3'\n")
print("4. Edit a paticular Pipe in your collection?\t\t\t Enter '4'\n")
print("5. Remove a paticular Pipe in your collection?\t\t\t Enter '5'\n")
print("Quit?\t Enter 'Q' \n")
q = input("Enter your selection =>")
if q == "1":
displaypipe()
elif q == "2":
addpipe()
elif q == "3":
searchpipe()
elif q == "4":
editpipe()
elif q == "5":
print("\n Remove module not yet written. \n")
elif q in Q:
break
else:
print("\n I didn't quite get that, try again. \n")
continue
end = input('GOODBYE')
quit()`
当我尝试在我的收藏中打印管道时，我得到：
> File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
> File "/home/natibo/Dropbox/Python3_2017/PipeTest.py", line
> 194, in <module>
> displaypipe()
> File "/home/natibo/Dropbox/Python3_2017/PipeTest.py", line
>81, in displaypipe
> dpipe.printpipe()
> File "/home/natibo/Dropbox/Python3_2017/PipeTest.py", line
>29, in printpipe
> print("Pipe's name is:\t\t\t\t %s" % Pipe.name)
> AttributeError: 'Pipe' object has no attribute 'name'
答案 0 :(得分：0)
如果在__init__下的类中分配变量，则必须在作为参数的同时将其赋予类。因此代码应如下所示：
Newpipe = Pipe(newname,
input('Enter the carver or manufacturer of the pipe: '),
input('Enter your shape of the pipe: '),
input('Enter where you bought the pipe: '),input('Enter the year you bought the pipe: '))
或者您可以先获取变量并将其用作Pipe的参数，如下所示：
maker = input("~")
shape = input("~")
store = input("~")
buyyear = input("~")
NewPipe = Pipe(newname,maker,shape,store,buyyear)
__init__有另一个问题，你的变量被分配给类本身，而不是由类创建的实例。这意味着即使你制作了很多管道实例，Pipe类也只会调用它最近的输入。您可以使用def __init__(self)更改代码来解决此问题。
self.name = name
self.maker = maker
self.shape = shape
self.store = store
self.buyyear = buyyear
并且函数printpipe(Pipe)也应更改为printpipe(self)
class Pipe:
def __init__(self, name='', maker='', shape='', store='', buyyear=0):
self.name = name
self.maker = maker
self.shape = shape
self.store = store
self.buyyear = buyyear
def printpipe(self):
print('\n', '-' * 50, '\n')
print("Pipe's name is:\t\t\t\t %s" % self.name)
print("Pipe's maker is:\t\t\t %s" % self.maker)
print("Pipe's shape is:\t\t\t %s" % self.shape)
print("You bought this pipe at:\t\t %s" % self.store)
print("You bought your pipe in:\t\t %s" % self.buyyear)
print('\n', '-' * 50, '\n')
def addpipe():
# First, gather information on the new pipe
db = shelve.open('pipedb')
while True:
newname = input('\nEnter your name for the pipe '
'(Enter Q to go back to homepage): ')
if newname in db:
print("\nA Pipe having that name already exists"
" in the database, try again")
continue
elif newname in Q:
break
else:
NewPipe = Pipe(newname,input('Enter the carver or manufacturer of the pipe: '),input('Enter your shape of the pipe: '),input('Enter where you bought the pipe: '),input('Enter the year you bought the pipe: '))
答案 1 :(得分：0)
您需要在printpipe方法中引用“自我”：
def printpipe(self)
您正在引用类 Pipe ，但是您正在尝试打印实例属性名称。
__init__方法之前定义它们。